nVtoVFinancialVReporting
QUESTIONS
1- 1. a.
TheVAICPAVisVanVorganizationVofVCPAsVthatVpriorVtoV1973Vaccepted
VtheVprimaryVresponsibilityVforVtheVdevelopmentVofVgenerallyVaccepted
VaccountingVprinciples.VTheirVroleVwasVsubstantiallyVreducedVinV1973V
whenVtheVFinancialVAccountingVStandardsVBoardVwasVestablished.V Th
eirVroleVwasVfurtherVreducedVwithVtheVestablishmentVofVtheVPublicVCo
mpanyVAccountingVOversightVBoardVwasVestablishedVinV2002.
b. TheVFinancialVAccountingVStandardsVBoardVreplacedVtheVAccounti
ngVPrinciplesVBoardVasVtheVprimaryVrule-
makingVbodyVforVaccountingVstandards.VItVisVanVindependentVorga
nizationVandVincludesVmembersVotherVthanVpublicVaccountants.
c. TheVSECVhasVtheVauthorityVtoVdetermineVgenerallyVacceptedVaccount
ingVprinciplesVandVtoVregulateVtheVaccountingVprofession.VTheVSECV
hasVelectedVtoVleaveVmuchVofVtheVdeterminationVofVgenerallyVaccept
edVaccountingVprinciplesVtoVtheVprivateVsector.V TheVFinancialVAccou
ntingVStandardsVBoardVhasVplayedVtheVmajorVroleVinVestablishingVac
countingVstandardsVsinceV1973.V RegulationVofVtheVaccountingVprofes
sionVwasVsubstantiallyVturnedVoverVtoVtheVPublicVCompanyVAccounti
ngVOversightVBoardVinV2002.
1-V2.
ConsistencyVisVobtainedVthroughVtheVapplicationVofVtheVsameVaccoun
tingVprincipleVfromVperiodVtoVperiod.V AVchangeVinVprincipleVrequiresVst
atementVdisclosure.
1-V3.
TheVconceptVofVhistoricalVcostVdeterminesVtheVbalanceVsheetVvaluationVofVl
and.VTheVrealizationVconceptVrequiresVthatVaVtransactionVneedsVtoVoccurVfor
VtheVprofitVtoVbeVrecognized.
1-V4. a.V Entity e.V HistoricalVcost
b. Realization f.V HistoricalVcost
c. Materiality g.V Disclosure
d. Conservatism
1-V5. EntityVconcept
1
©V2013VCengageVLearning.VAllVRightsVReserved.VThisVeditionVisVintendedVforVuseVoutsideVofVtheVU.S.Vonly,VwithVcontentVtha
tVmayVbeVdifferentVfromV theVU.S.VEdition.VMayVnotVbeVscanned,Vcopied,Vduplicated,VorVpostedVtoVaVpubliclyVacce
ssibleVwebsite,VinVwholeVorVinVpart.
,1-V6.
GenerallyVacceptedVaccountingVprinciplesVdoVnotVapplyVwhenVaVfirmVdoes
VnotVappearVtoVbeVaVgoingVconcern.V IfVtheVdecisionVisVmadeVthatVthisVisV
notVaVgoingVconcern,VthenVtheVuseVofVGAAPVwouldVnotVbeVappropriate.
1-V7.
WithVtheVtimeVperiodVassumption,VinaccuraciesVofVaccountingVforVtheVentity
,VshortVofVitsVcompleteVlifeVspan,VareVaccepted.VTheVassumptionVisVmadeVt
hatVtheVentityVcanVbeVaccountedVforVreasonablyVaccuratelyVforVaVparticularV
periodVofVtime.V InVotherVwords,VtheVdecisionVisVmadeVtoVacceptVsomeVinac
curacyVbecauseVofVincompleteVinformationVaboutVtheVfutureVinVexchangeVfo
rVmoreVtimelyVreporting.V TheVstatementsVareVconsideredVtoVbeVmeaningfulV
becauseVmaterialVinaccuraciesVareVnotVacceptable.
1- 8.V V ItVisVtrueVthatVtheVonlyVaccurateVwayVtoVaccountVforVtheVsuccessVorVfailureV
ofVanVentityVisVtoVaccumulateVallVtransactionsVfromVtheVopeningVofVbusines
sVuntilVtheVbusinessVeventuallyVliquidates.V ButVitVisVnotVnecessaryVthatVthe
VstatementsVbeVcompletelyVaccurateVinVorderVforVthemVtoVbeVmeaningful.
1- 9. a. AVyearVthatVendsVwhenVoperationsVareVatVaVlowVebbVforVtheVyear.
b. TheVaccountingVtimeVperiodVisVendedVonVDecemberV31.
c. AVtwelve-
monthVaccountingVperiodVthatVendsVatVtheVendVofVaVmonthVotherVthan
VDecemberV31.
1-10. Money.
1-
11.V V WhenVmoneyVdoesVnotVholdVaVstableVvalue,VtheVfinancialVstatement
sVcanVloseVmuchVofVtheirVsignificance.V ToVtheVextentVthatVmoneyVdoesVno
tVremainVstable,VitVlosesVusefulnessVasVtheVstandardVforVmeasuringVfinanci
alVtransactions.
1-12.
No.V ThereVisVaVproblemVwithVdeterminingVtheVindexVinVorderVtoVadjustVth
eVstatements.V TheVitemsVthatVareVincludedVinVtheVindexVmustVbeVrepresen
tative.VInVaddition,VtheVpricesVofVitemsVchangeVbecauseVofVvariousVfactors,
VsuchVasVquality,Vtechnology,VandVinflation.
Yes.VAVreasonableVadjustmentVtoVtheVstatementsVcanVbeVmadeVforVinflation.
1-13. False.V AnVarbitraryVwrite-
offVofVinventoryVcannotVbeVjustifiedVunderVtheVconservatismVconcept.V TheV
conservatismVconceptVcanVonlyVbeVappliedVwhereVthereVareValternativeVme
asurementsVandVeachVofVtheseValternativeVmeasurementsVhasVreasonable
2
©V2013VCengageVLearning.VAllVRightsVReserved.VThisVeditionVisVintendedVforVuseVoutsideVofVtheVU.S.Vonly,VwithVcontentVtha
tVmayVbeVdifferentVfromV theVU.S.VEdition.VMayVnotVbeVscanned,Vcopied,Vduplicated,VorVpostedVtoVaVpubliclyVacce
ssibleVwebsite,VinVwholeVorVinVpart.
, Vsupport.
1-14.
Yes,VinventoryVthatVhasVaVmarketVvalueVbelowVtheVhistoricalVcostVshould
VbeVwrittenVdownVinVorderVtoVrecognizeVaVloss.V ThisVisVdoneVbasedVupon
VtheVconceptVofVconservatism.V LossesVthatVcanVbeVreasonablyVanticipate
dVshouldVbeVtakenVinVorderVtoVreflectVtheVleastVfavorableVeffectVonVnetVin
comeVofVtheVcurrentVperiod.
3
©V2013VCengageVLearning.VAllVRightsVReserved.VThisVeditionVisVintendedVforVuseVoutsideVofVtheVU.S.Vonly,VwithVcontentVtha
tVmayVbeVdifferentVfromV theVU.S.VEdition.VMayVnotVbeVscanned,Vcopied,Vduplicated,VorVpostedVtoVaVpubliclyVacce
ssibleVwebsite,VinVwholeVorVinVpart.
, 1-15. EndVofVproduction
TheVrealizationVofVrevenueVatVtheVcompletionVofVtheVproductionVprocessVisV
acceptableVwhenVtheVpriceVofVtheVitemVisVknownVandVthereVisVaVreadyVmark
et.
ReceiptVofVcash
ThisVmethodVshouldVonlyVbeVusedVwhenVtheVprospectsVofVcollectionVareVe
speciallyVdoubtfulVatVtheVtimeVofVsale.
DuringVproduction
ThisVmethodVisVallowedVforVlong-
termVconstructionVprojectsVbecauseVrecognizingVrevenueVonVlong-
termVconstructionVprojectsVasVworkVprogressesVtendsVtoVgiveVaVfairerVpict
ureVofVtheVresultsVforVaVgivenVperiodVinVcomparisonVwithVhavingVtheVentir
eVrevenueVrealizedVinVoneVperiodVofVtime.
1-16.
ItVisVdifficultVtoVapplyVtheVmatchingVconceptVwhenVthereVisVnoVdirectVconn
ectionVbetweenVtheVcostVandVrevenue.V UnderVtheseVcircumstances,Vaccou
ntantsVoftenVchargeVoffVtheVcostVinVtheVperiodVincurredVinVorderVtoVbeVcon
servative.
1-17.
IfVtheVentityVcanVjustifyVtheVuseVofVanValternativeVaccountingVmethodVo
nVtheVbasisVthatVitVisVrational,VthenVtheVchangeVcanVbeVmade.
1-18.
TheVaccountingVreportsVmustVdiscloseVallVfactsVthatVmayVinfluenceVtheVjud
gmentVofVanVinformedVreader.V UsuallyVthisVisVaVjudgmentVdecisionVforVthe
VaccountantVtoVmake.V BecauseVofVtheVcomplexityVofVmanyVbusinessesVan
dVtheVincreasedVexpectationsVofVtheVpublic,VtheVfullVdisclosureVconceptVha
sVbecomeVoneVofVtheVmostVdifficultVconceptsVforVtheVaccountantVtoVapply.
1-19.
ThereVisVaVpreferenceVforVtheVuseVofVobjectivityVinVtheVpreparationVofVfin
ancialVstatements,VbutVfinancialVstatementsVcannotVbeVcompletelyVprepar
edVbasedVuponVobjectiveVdata;VestimatesVmustVbeVmadeVinVmanyVsituati
ons.
1-20.
ThisVisVaVtrueVstatement.V TheVconceptVofVmaterialityVallowsVtheVaccounta
ntVtoVhandleVimmaterialVitemsVinVtheVmostVeconomicalVandVexpedientVma
nnerVpossible.
4
©V2013VCengageVLearning.VAllVRightsVReserved.VThisVeditionVisVintendedVforVuseVoutsideVofVtheVU.S.Vonly,VwithVcontentVtha
tVmayVbeVdifferentVfromV theVU.S.VEdition.VMayVnotVbeVscanned,Vcopied,Vduplicated,VorVpostedVtoVaVpubliclyVacce
ssibleVwebsite,VinVwholeVorVinVpart.