BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION 11TH EDITION
MARTIN TEST BANK 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
⩥ Behavior analysis. Answer: Refers to the scientific study of laws that
govern the behavior of human beings and other animals.
⩥ Target behavior. Answer: A specific behavior to be improved.
⩥ Behavioral assessment. Answer: Involves the collection and analysis
of information and data in order to identify and describe target
behaviors, identify possible causes of the behavior, guide the selection of
an appropriate behavioral treatment, and evaluate treatment outcome.
⩥ Characteristic of behavior modification. Answer: 1. Strong emphasis
on defining problems in terms of behavior that can be measured. 2.
Treatment procedures alter an individual's current environment. 3.
Methods and rationales can be described precisely. 4. Techniques are
often applied by individuals in everyday life. 5. Techniques stem from
basic and applied research in the science of learning. 6. Emphasizes
scientific demonstration that a particular intervention was responsible
for a behavior change. 7. Places high value on accountability for
everyone involved in behavior modification programs.
,⩥ Stimulus/stimuli. Answer: Stimulus is something in the environment
perceived by our senses (singular); stimuli consist of several factors in
the environment.
⩥ Overt behavior. Answer: Behavior that can be seen by others (i.e.
walking, dancing, etc.).
⩥ Covert behavior. Answer: Behavior that cannot be seen by the naked
eye (i.e. private self-talk, thinking).
⩥ Environment. Answer: Everything that surrounds us.
⩥ Behavioral deficit. Answer: Too little of a particular behavior.
⩥ Behavioral excess. Answer: Too much of a particular behavior.
⩥ Gerontology. Answer: The study of the social, psychological,
cognitive and biological aspects of aging.
⩥ Intellectual disability. Answer: A disability that originates before age
18 and is characterized by significant limitations both in adaptive
behavior and intellectual functioning with a score of under 70.
, ⩥ Autism. Answer: Children diagnosed with autism often show
behaviors similar to those diagnosed with intellectual disabilities;
however, they also show impaired social behavior, impaired
communication, abnormal play behaviors, and repetitive self-stimulatory
behaviors.
⩥ Stimulus generalization. Answer: Stimuli similar to CS tend to elicit
CR (i.e. you respond to the sound of something by blinking).
⩥ Stimulus discrimination. Answer: Stimuli different from CS tend to
elicit CR (the more different the stimulus is, the more it will tend not to
elicit a CR).
⩥ Respondent extinction. Answer: Involves the procedure of presenting
a CS while withholding the US, resulting in the CS gradually losing its
capability of eliciting the CR.
⩥ Counterconditioning. Answer: A conditioned response may be
eliminated more effectively if a new response is conditioned to the
conditioned stimulus at the same time that the former conditioned
response is being extinguished.
⩥ Aversion therapy. Answer: A form of psychological treatment in which
the patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being
subjected to some form of discomfort.
MARTIN TEST BANK 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
⩥ Behavior analysis. Answer: Refers to the scientific study of laws that
govern the behavior of human beings and other animals.
⩥ Target behavior. Answer: A specific behavior to be improved.
⩥ Behavioral assessment. Answer: Involves the collection and analysis
of information and data in order to identify and describe target
behaviors, identify possible causes of the behavior, guide the selection of
an appropriate behavioral treatment, and evaluate treatment outcome.
⩥ Characteristic of behavior modification. Answer: 1. Strong emphasis
on defining problems in terms of behavior that can be measured. 2.
Treatment procedures alter an individual's current environment. 3.
Methods and rationales can be described precisely. 4. Techniques are
often applied by individuals in everyday life. 5. Techniques stem from
basic and applied research in the science of learning. 6. Emphasizes
scientific demonstration that a particular intervention was responsible
for a behavior change. 7. Places high value on accountability for
everyone involved in behavior modification programs.
,⩥ Stimulus/stimuli. Answer: Stimulus is something in the environment
perceived by our senses (singular); stimuli consist of several factors in
the environment.
⩥ Overt behavior. Answer: Behavior that can be seen by others (i.e.
walking, dancing, etc.).
⩥ Covert behavior. Answer: Behavior that cannot be seen by the naked
eye (i.e. private self-talk, thinking).
⩥ Environment. Answer: Everything that surrounds us.
⩥ Behavioral deficit. Answer: Too little of a particular behavior.
⩥ Behavioral excess. Answer: Too much of a particular behavior.
⩥ Gerontology. Answer: The study of the social, psychological,
cognitive and biological aspects of aging.
⩥ Intellectual disability. Answer: A disability that originates before age
18 and is characterized by significant limitations both in adaptive
behavior and intellectual functioning with a score of under 70.
, ⩥ Autism. Answer: Children diagnosed with autism often show
behaviors similar to those diagnosed with intellectual disabilities;
however, they also show impaired social behavior, impaired
communication, abnormal play behaviors, and repetitive self-stimulatory
behaviors.
⩥ Stimulus generalization. Answer: Stimuli similar to CS tend to elicit
CR (i.e. you respond to the sound of something by blinking).
⩥ Stimulus discrimination. Answer: Stimuli different from CS tend to
elicit CR (the more different the stimulus is, the more it will tend not to
elicit a CR).
⩥ Respondent extinction. Answer: Involves the procedure of presenting
a CS while withholding the US, resulting in the CS gradually losing its
capability of eliciting the CR.
⩥ Counterconditioning. Answer: A conditioned response may be
eliminated more effectively if a new response is conditioned to the
conditioned stimulus at the same time that the former conditioned
response is being extinguished.
⩥ Aversion therapy. Answer: A form of psychological treatment in which
the patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being
subjected to some form of discomfort.
