MGT 8803 LATEST 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Intensive Distribution - ✔✔Selling through all suitable outlets to maximize product
availability.
✔✔Selective Distribution - ✔✔Using limited intermediaries to balance coverage and
control of product sales.
✔✔Exclusive Distribution - ✔✔Granting one intermediary per region exclusive rights to
sell a product.
✔✔Wholesaler - ✔✔An intermediary that sells goods to retailers or other businesses
rather than to end consumers.
✔✔Retailer - ✔✔A business that sells goods or services directly to final consumers.
✔✔Physical Distribution - ✔✔Activities involved in transporting, storing, and handling
goods to make them available to customers.
✔✔Logistics - ✔✔Coordinating the movement and storage of goods efficiently along the
supply chain.
✔✔Customer Service Level - ✔✔The performance standard that defines how well
distribution meets customer needs.
✔✔Transportation Modes - ✔✔Alternative shipping methods such as rail, truck, air, and
water—each with different costs and benefits.
✔✔Inventory Management - ✔✔Balancing stock levels to meet demand while
minimizing storage costs.
✔✔Retail Strategy - ✔✔Planning store location, product assortment, pricing, and
promotion to attract a target market.
✔✔E-commerce - ✔✔Selling goods and services over the internet, often offering
convenience and broader selection.
✔✔Omnichannel Retailing - ✔✔Integrating online and offline sales channels to create a
seamless customer experience.
✔✔Pricing - ✔✔The process of determining what customers pay in exchange for a
product or service.
, ✔✔Pricing Objectives - ✔✔Goals guiding price decisions, such as profit, sales volume,
or market share.
✔✔Profit-Oriented Pricing - ✔✔Setting prices to achieve a desired return or maximize
profit.
✔✔Sales-Oriented Pricing - ✔✔Setting prices to increase market share or sales volume.
✔✔Status Quo Pricing - ✔✔Maintaining existing prices to avoid competitive conflicts.
✔✔Price Skimming - ✔✔Setting a high initial price to target less price-sensitive
customers and recover investment quickly.
✔✔Penetration Pricing - ✔✔Setting a low price to quickly gain market share and
discourage competitors.
✔✔Flexible Pricing - ✔✔Charging different prices to different customers based on
market conditions or segments.
✔✔One-Price Policy - ✔✔Charging all customers the same price for a given product or
service.
✔✔Discounts and Allowances - ✔✔Price reductions given for early payment, bulk
purchases, or trade performance.
✔✔Promotion - ✔✔The communication activities used to inform, persuade, and remind
consumers about a product or brand.
✔✔Promotion Mix - ✔✔The combination of advertising, personal selling, publicity, and
sales promotion used in marketing.
✔✔Advertising - ✔✔Paid, nonpersonal communication through media by an identified
sponsor to persuade an audience.
✔✔Personal Selling - ✔✔Direct interaction between a salesperson and customer to
build relationships and close sales.
✔✔Sales Promotion - ✔✔Short-term incentives, such as coupons or discounts, to
encourage immediate purchases.
✔✔Publicity - ✔✔Unpaid, earned media coverage used to create awareness or
credibility for a product or company.
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Intensive Distribution - ✔✔Selling through all suitable outlets to maximize product
availability.
✔✔Selective Distribution - ✔✔Using limited intermediaries to balance coverage and
control of product sales.
✔✔Exclusive Distribution - ✔✔Granting one intermediary per region exclusive rights to
sell a product.
✔✔Wholesaler - ✔✔An intermediary that sells goods to retailers or other businesses
rather than to end consumers.
✔✔Retailer - ✔✔A business that sells goods or services directly to final consumers.
✔✔Physical Distribution - ✔✔Activities involved in transporting, storing, and handling
goods to make them available to customers.
✔✔Logistics - ✔✔Coordinating the movement and storage of goods efficiently along the
supply chain.
✔✔Customer Service Level - ✔✔The performance standard that defines how well
distribution meets customer needs.
✔✔Transportation Modes - ✔✔Alternative shipping methods such as rail, truck, air, and
water—each with different costs and benefits.
✔✔Inventory Management - ✔✔Balancing stock levels to meet demand while
minimizing storage costs.
✔✔Retail Strategy - ✔✔Planning store location, product assortment, pricing, and
promotion to attract a target market.
✔✔E-commerce - ✔✔Selling goods and services over the internet, often offering
convenience and broader selection.
✔✔Omnichannel Retailing - ✔✔Integrating online and offline sales channels to create a
seamless customer experience.
✔✔Pricing - ✔✔The process of determining what customers pay in exchange for a
product or service.
, ✔✔Pricing Objectives - ✔✔Goals guiding price decisions, such as profit, sales volume,
or market share.
✔✔Profit-Oriented Pricing - ✔✔Setting prices to achieve a desired return or maximize
profit.
✔✔Sales-Oriented Pricing - ✔✔Setting prices to increase market share or sales volume.
✔✔Status Quo Pricing - ✔✔Maintaining existing prices to avoid competitive conflicts.
✔✔Price Skimming - ✔✔Setting a high initial price to target less price-sensitive
customers and recover investment quickly.
✔✔Penetration Pricing - ✔✔Setting a low price to quickly gain market share and
discourage competitors.
✔✔Flexible Pricing - ✔✔Charging different prices to different customers based on
market conditions or segments.
✔✔One-Price Policy - ✔✔Charging all customers the same price for a given product or
service.
✔✔Discounts and Allowances - ✔✔Price reductions given for early payment, bulk
purchases, or trade performance.
✔✔Promotion - ✔✔The communication activities used to inform, persuade, and remind
consumers about a product or brand.
✔✔Promotion Mix - ✔✔The combination of advertising, personal selling, publicity, and
sales promotion used in marketing.
✔✔Advertising - ✔✔Paid, nonpersonal communication through media by an identified
sponsor to persuade an audience.
✔✔Personal Selling - ✔✔Direct interaction between a salesperson and customer to
build relationships and close sales.
✔✔Sales Promotion - ✔✔Short-term incentives, such as coupons or discounts, to
encourage immediate purchases.
✔✔Publicity - ✔✔Unpaid, earned media coverage used to create awareness or
credibility for a product or company.
