1 | Page
ABFM ITE
ABFM ITE FINAL EXAM 2025|2026
IN-TRAINING EXAMINATION
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE, WITH
LATEST PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
CLINICAL REVIEW & EXPERT-
VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
Health screening types
- ............ANSWER..........
Primary prevention targets individuals who may be at risk to
develop a medical condition and intervenes to prevent the onset
of that condition. Examples include childhood vaccination
programs, water fluoridation, antismoking programs, and
education about safe sex.
Secondary prevention targets individuals who have developed an
asymptomatic disease and institutes treatment to prevent
complications. Examples include routine Papanicolaou tests and
screening for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or hyperlipidemia.
Tertiary prevention targets individuals with a known disease,
with the goal of limiting or preventing future complications.
Examples include screening patients with diabetes for
microalbuminuria, rigorous treatment of diabetes mellitus, and
post-myocardial infarction prophylaxis with beta-blockers and
aspirin.
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Toe fractures
- ............ANSWER.........
.Nondisplaced lesser toe fractures are generally treated with a
rigid-sole shoe or buddy taping to an adjacent toe. The great toe
has an increased role in weight bearing and balance, and
fractures of this toe have a greater potential morbidity. Because
of this, these fractures are generally treated with a short leg
walking cast with a toe plate.
Those with intra-articular involvement should get a repeat
radiograph after 1 week. Intra-articular fractures with 25% or
greater involvement of the joint surface should be referred for
surgical treatment.
Patients on Hydrochlorothiazide may develop hyponatraemia whilst on?
- ............ANSWER..........Carbamazepine due to SIADH
Age-related macular degeneration (Amsler grid testing notes
distorted grid lines)
- ............ANSWER.........
.Smoking is a modifiable risk factor and smokers should be
counselled to quit.
Not reversible but treatment can delay progression or stabilize
the changes.
Nutrition route for severe acute pancreatitis
- ............ANSWER.........
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Continuous enteral feeding (esp. in first 48h)
Help prevent infectious complications, such as infected necrosis,
by maintaining the gut mucosal barrier and preventing
translocation of bacteria that may seed pancreatic necrosis.
Bedbug bites
- ............ANSWER..........Having multiple exposures on skin often not
covered by clothing would be typical of household fleas or bedbugs.
Chiggers
- ............ANSWER.........
.A chigger is the larval form of a mite, which is an eight-legged
arthropod. The larval form has only six legs, and tends to crawl into
spaces near constricted clothing and cause welts from their bite along
the neckline, waistline, sock line, or more rarely on the genitals.
Chronic kidney disease is defined as an estimated glomerular filtration
rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for at least 3 months, or other
evidence of kidney damage such as albuminuria, abnormal imaging, or
an abnormal biopsy.
- ............ANSWER..........Current guidelines recommend referral to a
nephrologist if a patient's renal disease is either of unknown aetiology,
is deteriorating quickly (eGFR decreasing by >5 mL/min/1.73 m2 per
year), or is severe.
Thresholds used to define severe chronic kidney disease include an
eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, a urine albumin to creatinine ratio >300
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g/mg, persistent acidosis or potassium imbalance, non-iron deficiency
anaemia with a haemoglobin level <10 g/dL, and evidence of secondary
hyperparathyroidism.
Stage I sarcoidosis
- ............ANSWER..........An asymptomatic patient with stage I
sarcoidosis (bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on chest radiography)
without suspected infection or malignancy does not require an
invasive tissue biopsy because the results would not affect the
recommended management, which is monitoring only. Treatment is
not indicated because spontaneous resolution of stage I sarcoidosis is
common.
Annual failure rate of a combined oral contraceptive pill
is
- ............ANSWER..........9%
Cognitive assessment test for delirium
- ............ANSWER..........Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
Benefits of Directly Observed Therapy
- ............ANSWER..........
Decrease both the acquisition and transmission of drug-resistant
tuberculosis and to increase treatment success in HIV-positive
patients.
The use of DOT does not guarantee the ingestion of all doses of
every medication, as patients may miss appointments, may not
ABFM ITE
ABFM ITE FINAL EXAM 2025|2026
IN-TRAINING EXAMINATION
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE, WITH
LATEST PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
CLINICAL REVIEW & EXPERT-
VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
Health screening types
- ............ANSWER..........
Primary prevention targets individuals who may be at risk to
develop a medical condition and intervenes to prevent the onset
of that condition. Examples include childhood vaccination
programs, water fluoridation, antismoking programs, and
education about safe sex.
Secondary prevention targets individuals who have developed an
asymptomatic disease and institutes treatment to prevent
complications. Examples include routine Papanicolaou tests and
screening for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or hyperlipidemia.
Tertiary prevention targets individuals with a known disease,
with the goal of limiting or preventing future complications.
Examples include screening patients with diabetes for
microalbuminuria, rigorous treatment of diabetes mellitus, and
post-myocardial infarction prophylaxis with beta-blockers and
aspirin.
,2 | Page
Toe fractures
- ............ANSWER.........
.Nondisplaced lesser toe fractures are generally treated with a
rigid-sole shoe or buddy taping to an adjacent toe. The great toe
has an increased role in weight bearing and balance, and
fractures of this toe have a greater potential morbidity. Because
of this, these fractures are generally treated with a short leg
walking cast with a toe plate.
Those with intra-articular involvement should get a repeat
radiograph after 1 week. Intra-articular fractures with 25% or
greater involvement of the joint surface should be referred for
surgical treatment.
Patients on Hydrochlorothiazide may develop hyponatraemia whilst on?
- ............ANSWER..........Carbamazepine due to SIADH
Age-related macular degeneration (Amsler grid testing notes
distorted grid lines)
- ............ANSWER.........
.Smoking is a modifiable risk factor and smokers should be
counselled to quit.
Not reversible but treatment can delay progression or stabilize
the changes.
Nutrition route for severe acute pancreatitis
- ............ANSWER.........
,3 | Page
Continuous enteral feeding (esp. in first 48h)
Help prevent infectious complications, such as infected necrosis,
by maintaining the gut mucosal barrier and preventing
translocation of bacteria that may seed pancreatic necrosis.
Bedbug bites
- ............ANSWER..........Having multiple exposures on skin often not
covered by clothing would be typical of household fleas or bedbugs.
Chiggers
- ............ANSWER.........
.A chigger is the larval form of a mite, which is an eight-legged
arthropod. The larval form has only six legs, and tends to crawl into
spaces near constricted clothing and cause welts from their bite along
the neckline, waistline, sock line, or more rarely on the genitals.
Chronic kidney disease is defined as an estimated glomerular filtration
rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for at least 3 months, or other
evidence of kidney damage such as albuminuria, abnormal imaging, or
an abnormal biopsy.
- ............ANSWER..........Current guidelines recommend referral to a
nephrologist if a patient's renal disease is either of unknown aetiology,
is deteriorating quickly (eGFR decreasing by >5 mL/min/1.73 m2 per
year), or is severe.
Thresholds used to define severe chronic kidney disease include an
eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, a urine albumin to creatinine ratio >300
, 4 | Page
g/mg, persistent acidosis or potassium imbalance, non-iron deficiency
anaemia with a haemoglobin level <10 g/dL, and evidence of secondary
hyperparathyroidism.
Stage I sarcoidosis
- ............ANSWER..........An asymptomatic patient with stage I
sarcoidosis (bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on chest radiography)
without suspected infection or malignancy does not require an
invasive tissue biopsy because the results would not affect the
recommended management, which is monitoring only. Treatment is
not indicated because spontaneous resolution of stage I sarcoidosis is
common.
Annual failure rate of a combined oral contraceptive pill
is
- ............ANSWER..........9%
Cognitive assessment test for delirium
- ............ANSWER..........Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
Benefits of Directly Observed Therapy
- ............ANSWER..........
Decrease both the acquisition and transmission of drug-resistant
tuberculosis and to increase treatment success in HIV-positive
patients.
The use of DOT does not guarantee the ingestion of all doses of
every medication, as patients may miss appointments, may not
