Musculoskeletal Exam Q&A – 2025 Case-Based Review on Knee Injury, Hip Dysplasia, ACL Tear – H&P II

This focused and expert-verified review presents clinical case-based questions and answers on essential topics in the musculoskeletal physical exam, aligned with the 2025 curriculum for H&P II (History and Physical Examination II). Designed to help students master orthopedic assessments and differentiate between key injuries based on presentation and physical exam findings, this guide ensures readiness for both written exams and clinical evaluations. The document includes high-yield clinical scenarios such as: Meniscal injury diagnosis using the McMurray test Identification of developmental dysplasia of the hip via the Ortolani sign in infants Acute ACL tear evaluation using the Lachman test, recognized as the most sensitive and specific maneuver for this injury Each question is paired with rationale and physical exam context, reinforcing test-taking skills and diagnostic reasoning. Ideal for mastering orthopedic examination signs and their associated conditions. Recommended for: Medical and Physician Assistant students in musculoskeletal or physical diagnosis modules Nursing (BSN/MSN) students preparing for clinical assessments Learners preparing for OSCEs, USMLE Step 2, or orthopedic rotations Keywords: musculoskeletal exam, ACL tear, Lachman test, McMurray test, Ortolani sign, Barlow maneuver, developmental dysplasia of the hip, knee injuries, meniscus tear, physical exam maneuvers, orthopedic assessment, joint instability, clinical cases, H&P II, OSCE prep