1
NURS 100
NURS 100 / NURS100: Midterm Exam – Fundamentals of
Nursing |WCU (Latest 2026/2027) Q&A.
1. Nutritional Genomics (week 1): The science of how nutrients affect the activity of
genes and how
genes affect the activity of nutrients
-Holds the promise of helping to determine an individual's nutrient needs, fighting
disease, etc.
-Also called molecular nutrition or nutrigenomics
-->usually quite expensive
-->beneficial
-->only certain nutrients
2. Other Factors That Influence Health (week 1): -Tobacco use
-Alcohol use
-Substance use
-Physical activity
-Sleep
NURS 100
, 2
NURS 100
-Stress
-Conditions at home and work (ex. air and water quality)
*Diet and exercise go hand in hand
3. Energy (week 1): The capacity to do work
-The energy that fuels the body comes indirectly
from the sun via plants --> eat plants
--> eat animals that eat plants
-The body requires energy to move and work each day
-Food energy is measured in calories (kcalories)
4. Calories/kilocalorie/kcal (week 1): -Calories: Unit by which energy is measured
-1000 calories = 1 kcal
-1 kilocalorie is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water
by 1 degree celsius
--> the "calorie" used in everyday literature is
actually a kilocalorie. Carton of milk:
- "100 cal"
- Actually 100 kcal --> 100,000 cal
5. 6 classes of nutrients (week 1): 1) Carbohydrates
NURS 100
, 3
NURS 100
2) Lipids (fats)
3) Proteins
4) Vitamins
5) Minerals 6) Water
--> Alcohol is not a nutrient as it interferes with body processes. However, it does
provide food energy since it has calories !!
6. Macronutrients (week 1): -Required in relatively large amounts per day -Usually
grams/day
--> carbs, proteins, fats, water
7. Micronutrients (week 1): -Required in small amounts per day
-Usually milligrams or micrograms/day
--> vitamins
8. Essential nutrients (week 1): -Nutrients a person must obtain from food because
sufficient amounts cannot be made by the body
--> most nutrients are essential
*partial exception: vitamin D if we lived in Florida (however it is essential to us)
9. Inorganic nutrients (week 1): -Nutrients that contain no carbon
-ex: water and minerals
NURS 100
, 4
NURS 100
--> also iron
10.Organic nutrients (week 1): -Nutrients that contain carbon to carbon bonds or
carbon to hydrogen bonds
-ex: carbs, lipids, protein, vitamins
-->vitamins, minerals, water DO NOT yield/provide energy
--> B vitamins are important for metabolism of carbs,
proteins, and fats (ENERGY) 21. Nutrient Classifications
(week 1): Macronutrients:
-Carbs
-Proteins
-Lipids
-Water
Micronutrients:
-Vitamins
-Minerals
Inorganic:
-Minerals
NURS 100
NURS 100
NURS 100 / NURS100: Midterm Exam – Fundamentals of
Nursing |WCU (Latest 2026/2027) Q&A.
1. Nutritional Genomics (week 1): The science of how nutrients affect the activity of
genes and how
genes affect the activity of nutrients
-Holds the promise of helping to determine an individual's nutrient needs, fighting
disease, etc.
-Also called molecular nutrition or nutrigenomics
-->usually quite expensive
-->beneficial
-->only certain nutrients
2. Other Factors That Influence Health (week 1): -Tobacco use
-Alcohol use
-Substance use
-Physical activity
-Sleep
NURS 100
, 2
NURS 100
-Stress
-Conditions at home and work (ex. air and water quality)
*Diet and exercise go hand in hand
3. Energy (week 1): The capacity to do work
-The energy that fuels the body comes indirectly
from the sun via plants --> eat plants
--> eat animals that eat plants
-The body requires energy to move and work each day
-Food energy is measured in calories (kcalories)
4. Calories/kilocalorie/kcal (week 1): -Calories: Unit by which energy is measured
-1000 calories = 1 kcal
-1 kilocalorie is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water
by 1 degree celsius
--> the "calorie" used in everyday literature is
actually a kilocalorie. Carton of milk:
- "100 cal"
- Actually 100 kcal --> 100,000 cal
5. 6 classes of nutrients (week 1): 1) Carbohydrates
NURS 100
, 3
NURS 100
2) Lipids (fats)
3) Proteins
4) Vitamins
5) Minerals 6) Water
--> Alcohol is not a nutrient as it interferes with body processes. However, it does
provide food energy since it has calories !!
6. Macronutrients (week 1): -Required in relatively large amounts per day -Usually
grams/day
--> carbs, proteins, fats, water
7. Micronutrients (week 1): -Required in small amounts per day
-Usually milligrams or micrograms/day
--> vitamins
8. Essential nutrients (week 1): -Nutrients a person must obtain from food because
sufficient amounts cannot be made by the body
--> most nutrients are essential
*partial exception: vitamin D if we lived in Florida (however it is essential to us)
9. Inorganic nutrients (week 1): -Nutrients that contain no carbon
-ex: water and minerals
NURS 100
, 4
NURS 100
--> also iron
10.Organic nutrients (week 1): -Nutrients that contain carbon to carbon bonds or
carbon to hydrogen bonds
-ex: carbs, lipids, protein, vitamins
-->vitamins, minerals, water DO NOT yield/provide energy
--> B vitamins are important for metabolism of carbs,
proteins, and fats (ENERGY) 21. Nutrient Classifications
(week 1): Macronutrients:
-Carbs
-Proteins
-Lipids
-Water
Micronutrients:
-Vitamins
-Minerals
Inorganic:
-Minerals
NURS 100
