NR 565 Final Exam Most Recent exam
COMPLETE (2025) EXAM Questions and
Answers (Verified Answers) (Latest
Update 2025) UPDATE!!
Acute symptoms of diabetes plus casual plasma glucose
concentration greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL.
*Casual is defined as any time of day without regard to time since
last meal. The classic symptoms of diabetes are polyuria, polydipsia,
and unexplained weight loss.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus
b
Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL.
*Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hours.
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
a
2 hour post-load plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test
greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL. The test uses a glucose load
containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in
water.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus
b
HgbA1c greater than or equal to 6.5%
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
a
,Fasting plasma glucose 100 to 125 mg/dL (IFG) or
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
Plasma glucose 140 to 199 mg/dL (IGT) 2 hours post-ingestion of
standard glucose load (75 g) or
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
HgbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
SGLT2i (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors)
-ozin
Biguanides
Metformin (Glucophage)
DPP-4i (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors)
- iptin
Sulfonylureas
- Gly or Gli
GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists)
- glutides
TZD (Thiazolidinediones)
- azone
Rapid onset insulin
aspart (Novolog), glulisine (apidra) and lispro (humalog)
Rapid acting onset
5-30 minutes
rapid acting peak
0.5 - 3 hours
rapid acting duration
3-4 hours
short acting insulin
,Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
short acting onset
30-60 min
short acting peak
2-4 h
short acting duration
3-7 h
intermediate acting insulin
Isophane (NPH)
intermediate acting onset
1-2 hours
intermediate acting peak
4-10 hours
intermediate acting duration
10-16 h
long acting insulin
glargine (Lantus)
detemir (Levemir)
long acting onset
1-2 hours
long acting peak
none
long acting duration
20-24 h
fixed combination insulin
NPH mixed with regular or lisper or aspirate
fixed combination onset
5-60 minutes
fixed combination peak
dual
fixed combination duration
16 h
TSH is low, free T4 is high and T3 is normal
, Etiology can be related to exogenous T4 ingestion, a concurrent non-
thyroidal illness, or amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction.
Serum TSH is normal or elevated, and free T4 and T3 are elevated
Possibility of a TSH producing pituitary tumor, which would need to
be evaluated further with magnetic resonance imaging.
TSH is low, the free T4 is normal and the serum T3 is high
Primary hyperthyroidism. However, other reasons for this thyroid
function test abnormality could be exogenous T3 ingestion, or a
functioning adenoma.
Which of the following agents is the first-line treatment for
hyperthyroidism or Grave's disease?
a. Metoprolol
b. Methimazole
c. Allopurinol
d. Levothyroxine
b
Which of the following agents is the preferred treatment option for
thyroid storm?
a. Iodine-131
b. Methylphenidate
c. Levothyroxine
d. PTU
d
Which laboratory tests should be completed before prescribing
methimazole? Select all that apply.
a. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
b. CMP
c. free thyroxine (T4)
d. free triiodothyronine (T3)
e. CBC
f. LFTs
a, c, d, e, f
Sabrina is seen one year later and reports that she has developed
atrial fibrillation and was put on warfarin by a new cardiologist.
COMPLETE (2025) EXAM Questions and
Answers (Verified Answers) (Latest
Update 2025) UPDATE!!
Acute symptoms of diabetes plus casual plasma glucose
concentration greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL.
*Casual is defined as any time of day without regard to time since
last meal. The classic symptoms of diabetes are polyuria, polydipsia,
and unexplained weight loss.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus
b
Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL.
*Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hours.
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
a
2 hour post-load plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test
greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL. The test uses a glucose load
containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in
water.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus
b
HgbA1c greater than or equal to 6.5%
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
a
,Fasting plasma glucose 100 to 125 mg/dL (IFG) or
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
Plasma glucose 140 to 199 mg/dL (IGT) 2 hours post-ingestion of
standard glucose load (75 g) or
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
HgbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
SGLT2i (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors)
-ozin
Biguanides
Metformin (Glucophage)
DPP-4i (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors)
- iptin
Sulfonylureas
- Gly or Gli
GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists)
- glutides
TZD (Thiazolidinediones)
- azone
Rapid onset insulin
aspart (Novolog), glulisine (apidra) and lispro (humalog)
Rapid acting onset
5-30 minutes
rapid acting peak
0.5 - 3 hours
rapid acting duration
3-4 hours
short acting insulin
,Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
short acting onset
30-60 min
short acting peak
2-4 h
short acting duration
3-7 h
intermediate acting insulin
Isophane (NPH)
intermediate acting onset
1-2 hours
intermediate acting peak
4-10 hours
intermediate acting duration
10-16 h
long acting insulin
glargine (Lantus)
detemir (Levemir)
long acting onset
1-2 hours
long acting peak
none
long acting duration
20-24 h
fixed combination insulin
NPH mixed with regular or lisper or aspirate
fixed combination onset
5-60 minutes
fixed combination peak
dual
fixed combination duration
16 h
TSH is low, free T4 is high and T3 is normal
, Etiology can be related to exogenous T4 ingestion, a concurrent non-
thyroidal illness, or amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction.
Serum TSH is normal or elevated, and free T4 and T3 are elevated
Possibility of a TSH producing pituitary tumor, which would need to
be evaluated further with magnetic resonance imaging.
TSH is low, the free T4 is normal and the serum T3 is high
Primary hyperthyroidism. However, other reasons for this thyroid
function test abnormality could be exogenous T3 ingestion, or a
functioning adenoma.
Which of the following agents is the first-line treatment for
hyperthyroidism or Grave's disease?
a. Metoprolol
b. Methimazole
c. Allopurinol
d. Levothyroxine
b
Which of the following agents is the preferred treatment option for
thyroid storm?
a. Iodine-131
b. Methylphenidate
c. Levothyroxine
d. PTU
d
Which laboratory tests should be completed before prescribing
methimazole? Select all that apply.
a. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
b. CMP
c. free thyroxine (T4)
d. free triiodothyronine (T3)
e. CBC
f. LFTs
a, c, d, e, f
Sabrina is seen one year later and reports that she has developed
atrial fibrillation and was put on warfarin by a new cardiologist.
