Cardiovascular Emergencies Exam
With Detailed Questions And Correct
Answers||Latest Exam 2026-
2027||Already Graded A+
All of the following are strategies for decreasing the risk for cardiovascular disease,
EXCEPT:
A) smoking cessation.
B) lipid management.
C) anaerobic exercise.
D) behavior modification. -CORRECT ANSWER Anaerobic exercise
The heart's anatomic location is MOST accurately described as being:
A) retrosternal.
B) hemithoracic.
C) submediastinal.
D) supradiaphragmatic. -CORRECT ANSWER Retrosternal
The point of maximal impulse usually can be felt on the:
A) medial aspect of the chest, just below the third intercostal space.
B) left lateral chest, in the midaxillary line, at the fourth intercostal space.
C) left anterior chest, in the midaxillary line, at the fifth intercostal space.
D) left anterior chest, in the midclavicular line, at the fifth intercostal space. -CORRECT
ANSWER Left anterior chest, in the midclavicular line, at the fifth intercoastal space
The layers of the wall of the heart, beginning with the outermost layer, are the:
A) epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
B) endocardium, epicardium, and myocardium.
C) myocardium, epicardium, and endocardium.
D) epicardium, endocardium, and myocardium. -CORRECT ANSWER epicardium,
myocardium, endocardium
The left main coronary artery subdivides into the:
A) left anterior ascending and descending arteries.
B) left anterior descending and circumflex arteries
C) left posterior ascending and circumflex arteries.
D) right coronary and left posterior descending arteries. -CORRECT ANSWER Left
anterior descending and circumflex arteries
The right atrium, right ventricle, and part of the left ventricle are supplied by the:
A) circumflex artery.
B) left anterior descending artery.
,C) left main coronary artery.
D) right coronary artery. -CORRECT ANSWER Right coronary artery
The numerous connections among the arterioles of the various coronary arteries, which
allow for the development of alternate routes of blood flow if a larger coronary artery
begins to narrow, are called:
A) cardiac myocytes.
B) the coronary sinus.
C) collateral circulation.
D) coronary microcirculation. -CORRECT ANSWER Collateral circulation
What prevents the backflow of blood during ventricular contraction?
A) The aortic valve
B) Semilunar valves
C) The pulmonic valve
D) AV valves -CORRECT ANSWER The pulmonic valve
Injury to or disease of the ______________ may cause prolapse of a cardiac valve
leaflet, allowing blood to regurgitate from the ventricle into the atrium.
A) coronary sulcus
B) chordae tendineae
C) interatrial septum
D) coronary sinus -CORRECT ANSWER Chordae tendineae
The mitral valve:
A) is located on the higher-pressure side of the heart.
B) separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
C) prevents blood regurgitation into the left ventricle.
D) is a tricuspid valve located on the right side of the heart. -CORRECT ANSWER is
located on the higher-pressure side of the heart.
The S1 heart sound represents:
A) closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves.
B) the end of ventricular contraction.
C) closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves.
D) the beginning of atrial contraction. -CORRECT ANSWER Closure of the mitral and
tricuspid valves
A loud S3 heart sound, when heard in older adults, often signifies:
A) emphysema.
B) valve rupture.
C) heart failure.
D) pulmonary hypertension. -CORRECT ANSWER Heart failure
Approximately 80% of ventricular filling occurs:
A) during systole.
,B) during diastole.
C) when the semilunar valves are open.
D) when the AV valves close. -CORRECT ANSWER During diastole
Atrial kick is defined as:
A) the blood that flows passively into the ventricles.
B) pressure on the AV valves during ventricular contraction.
C) an attempt of the atria to contract against closed valves.
D) increased preload pressure as a result of atrial contraction. -CORRECT ANSWER
Increased preload pressure as a result of atrial contraction
Which of the following statements regarding the right side of the heart is correct?
A) It receives blood exclusively from the venae cavae.
B) The right side of the heart is a low-pressure pump.
C) It pumps against the high resistance of the pulmonary circulation.
D) The right side of the heart pumps blood through the pulmonary veins -CORRECT
ANSWER The right side of the heart is a low-pressure pump
In contrast to the right side of the heart, the left side of the heart:
A) drives blood out of the heart against the relatively high resistance of the systemic
circulation.
B) is a high-pressure pump that sends blood through the pulmonary circulation and to
the lungs.
C) is a relatively low-pressure pump that must stretch its walls in order to force blood
through the aorta.
D) drives blood out of the heart against the relatively low resistance of the pulmonary
circulation. -CORRECT ANSWER Drives blood out of the heart against the relatively high
resistance of the system circulation
Which part of the blood vessel is made up of elastic fibers and muscle, and provides for
strength and contractility?
A) Tunica media
B) Tunica intima
C) Tunica adventitia
D) Arterial lumen -CORRECT ANSWER Tunica media
In contrast to arteries, veins:
A) do not contain valves that prevent backflow of blood.
B) have less capacity to increase the size of their diameter.
C) are more likely to distend when exposed to backpressure.
D) operate on the high-pressure side of the circulatory system. -CORRECT ANSWER Are
more likely to distend when exposed to back pressure
The amount of blood that is pumped out by either ventricle per minute is called:
A) ejection fraction.
B) cardiac output.
, C) stroke volume.
D) minute volume. -CORRECT ANSWER Cardiac output
If the left ventricle contains 80 mL of blood before a contraction and ejects 60 mL during
the contraction, the ejection fraction is:
A) 60%.
B) 65%.
C) 70%.
D) 75%. -CORRECT ANSWER 75%
Cardiac output is influenced by:
A) heart rate.
B) stroke volume.
C) heart rate and/or stroke volume.
D) ejection fraction and heart rate. -CORRECT ANSWER Heart rate and/or stroke volume
If an increased amount of blood is returned to the heart:
A) the cardiac muscle must stretch to accommodate the larger volume.
B) stroke volume decreases accordingly because of the larger volume.
C) an increase in stroke volume occurs because the heart rate increases.
D) cardiac workload is decreased, resulting in a decreased cardiac output. -CORRECT
ANSWER The cardiac muscle must stretch to accommodate the large volume
The ability of the heart to vary the degree of its contraction without stretching is called:
A) contractility.
B) chronotropy.
C) automaticity.
D) the Frank-Starling mechanism. -CORRECT ANSWER Contractility
Under normal conditions, the strength of cardiac contraction is regulated by:
A) the heart rate.
B) the nervous system.
C) physical exertion.
D) the Frank-Starling mechanism. -CORRECT ANSWER Nervous system
Administering a drug that possesses a positive chronotropic effect will have a direct
effect on:
A) stroke volume.
B) blood pressure
C) cardiac output.
D) the heart rate. -CORRECT ANSWER Heart rate
Changes in cardiac contractility may be induced by medications that have a positive or
negative ___________ effect.
A) vasoactive
B) dromotropic
With Detailed Questions And Correct
Answers||Latest Exam 2026-
2027||Already Graded A+
All of the following are strategies for decreasing the risk for cardiovascular disease,
EXCEPT:
A) smoking cessation.
B) lipid management.
C) anaerobic exercise.
D) behavior modification. -CORRECT ANSWER Anaerobic exercise
The heart's anatomic location is MOST accurately described as being:
A) retrosternal.
B) hemithoracic.
C) submediastinal.
D) supradiaphragmatic. -CORRECT ANSWER Retrosternal
The point of maximal impulse usually can be felt on the:
A) medial aspect of the chest, just below the third intercostal space.
B) left lateral chest, in the midaxillary line, at the fourth intercostal space.
C) left anterior chest, in the midaxillary line, at the fifth intercostal space.
D) left anterior chest, in the midclavicular line, at the fifth intercostal space. -CORRECT
ANSWER Left anterior chest, in the midclavicular line, at the fifth intercoastal space
The layers of the wall of the heart, beginning with the outermost layer, are the:
A) epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
B) endocardium, epicardium, and myocardium.
C) myocardium, epicardium, and endocardium.
D) epicardium, endocardium, and myocardium. -CORRECT ANSWER epicardium,
myocardium, endocardium
The left main coronary artery subdivides into the:
A) left anterior ascending and descending arteries.
B) left anterior descending and circumflex arteries
C) left posterior ascending and circumflex arteries.
D) right coronary and left posterior descending arteries. -CORRECT ANSWER Left
anterior descending and circumflex arteries
The right atrium, right ventricle, and part of the left ventricle are supplied by the:
A) circumflex artery.
B) left anterior descending artery.
,C) left main coronary artery.
D) right coronary artery. -CORRECT ANSWER Right coronary artery
The numerous connections among the arterioles of the various coronary arteries, which
allow for the development of alternate routes of blood flow if a larger coronary artery
begins to narrow, are called:
A) cardiac myocytes.
B) the coronary sinus.
C) collateral circulation.
D) coronary microcirculation. -CORRECT ANSWER Collateral circulation
What prevents the backflow of blood during ventricular contraction?
A) The aortic valve
B) Semilunar valves
C) The pulmonic valve
D) AV valves -CORRECT ANSWER The pulmonic valve
Injury to or disease of the ______________ may cause prolapse of a cardiac valve
leaflet, allowing blood to regurgitate from the ventricle into the atrium.
A) coronary sulcus
B) chordae tendineae
C) interatrial septum
D) coronary sinus -CORRECT ANSWER Chordae tendineae
The mitral valve:
A) is located on the higher-pressure side of the heart.
B) separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
C) prevents blood regurgitation into the left ventricle.
D) is a tricuspid valve located on the right side of the heart. -CORRECT ANSWER is
located on the higher-pressure side of the heart.
The S1 heart sound represents:
A) closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves.
B) the end of ventricular contraction.
C) closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves.
D) the beginning of atrial contraction. -CORRECT ANSWER Closure of the mitral and
tricuspid valves
A loud S3 heart sound, when heard in older adults, often signifies:
A) emphysema.
B) valve rupture.
C) heart failure.
D) pulmonary hypertension. -CORRECT ANSWER Heart failure
Approximately 80% of ventricular filling occurs:
A) during systole.
,B) during diastole.
C) when the semilunar valves are open.
D) when the AV valves close. -CORRECT ANSWER During diastole
Atrial kick is defined as:
A) the blood that flows passively into the ventricles.
B) pressure on the AV valves during ventricular contraction.
C) an attempt of the atria to contract against closed valves.
D) increased preload pressure as a result of atrial contraction. -CORRECT ANSWER
Increased preload pressure as a result of atrial contraction
Which of the following statements regarding the right side of the heart is correct?
A) It receives blood exclusively from the venae cavae.
B) The right side of the heart is a low-pressure pump.
C) It pumps against the high resistance of the pulmonary circulation.
D) The right side of the heart pumps blood through the pulmonary veins -CORRECT
ANSWER The right side of the heart is a low-pressure pump
In contrast to the right side of the heart, the left side of the heart:
A) drives blood out of the heart against the relatively high resistance of the systemic
circulation.
B) is a high-pressure pump that sends blood through the pulmonary circulation and to
the lungs.
C) is a relatively low-pressure pump that must stretch its walls in order to force blood
through the aorta.
D) drives blood out of the heart against the relatively low resistance of the pulmonary
circulation. -CORRECT ANSWER Drives blood out of the heart against the relatively high
resistance of the system circulation
Which part of the blood vessel is made up of elastic fibers and muscle, and provides for
strength and contractility?
A) Tunica media
B) Tunica intima
C) Tunica adventitia
D) Arterial lumen -CORRECT ANSWER Tunica media
In contrast to arteries, veins:
A) do not contain valves that prevent backflow of blood.
B) have less capacity to increase the size of their diameter.
C) are more likely to distend when exposed to backpressure.
D) operate on the high-pressure side of the circulatory system. -CORRECT ANSWER Are
more likely to distend when exposed to back pressure
The amount of blood that is pumped out by either ventricle per minute is called:
A) ejection fraction.
B) cardiac output.
, C) stroke volume.
D) minute volume. -CORRECT ANSWER Cardiac output
If the left ventricle contains 80 mL of blood before a contraction and ejects 60 mL during
the contraction, the ejection fraction is:
A) 60%.
B) 65%.
C) 70%.
D) 75%. -CORRECT ANSWER 75%
Cardiac output is influenced by:
A) heart rate.
B) stroke volume.
C) heart rate and/or stroke volume.
D) ejection fraction and heart rate. -CORRECT ANSWER Heart rate and/or stroke volume
If an increased amount of blood is returned to the heart:
A) the cardiac muscle must stretch to accommodate the larger volume.
B) stroke volume decreases accordingly because of the larger volume.
C) an increase in stroke volume occurs because the heart rate increases.
D) cardiac workload is decreased, resulting in a decreased cardiac output. -CORRECT
ANSWER The cardiac muscle must stretch to accommodate the large volume
The ability of the heart to vary the degree of its contraction without stretching is called:
A) contractility.
B) chronotropy.
C) automaticity.
D) the Frank-Starling mechanism. -CORRECT ANSWER Contractility
Under normal conditions, the strength of cardiac contraction is regulated by:
A) the heart rate.
B) the nervous system.
C) physical exertion.
D) the Frank-Starling mechanism. -CORRECT ANSWER Nervous system
Administering a drug that possesses a positive chronotropic effect will have a direct
effect on:
A) stroke volume.
B) blood pressure
C) cardiac output.
D) the heart rate. -CORRECT ANSWER Heart rate
Changes in cardiac contractility may be induced by medications that have a positive or
negative ___________ effect.
A) vasoactive
B) dromotropic
