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BIOL 1108
Exam3: BIOL 1108 - Principles of Biology II Lab
(Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) Review| 100% Verified
Questions & Answer| Grade A.
1. Life: - living organisms are complex
- living organisms can change in response to the environment
- living organisms can reproduce
- living organisms have the capacity to evolve
2. Evolution: - modern life come from other living things
- all life shares a common ancestor/ancestors
- because of evolution, all life has similarities, but also differences
- the environment (both abiotic and biotic) contributes to how evolution
shapes organisms
- since all life possess similarities, there are broad challenges that we can
identify when we consider living things (how organisms deal w/ these
challenges in different environments will help explain variation)
3. Universal Challenges of Life: 1) energy use to drive processes
BIOL 1108
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BIOL 1108
2) exchange with the environment
- energy
- water
- nutrients
- gases
- wastes
- other molecules
3) coordinating responses to the environment
4) transporting molecules throughout the "body"
5) developing, growing, and maturing
6) defending the "body" against foreign invaders and predators
7) reproducing
4. Cell: simplest entity, exist as an independent unit of life (unicellular
organisms
- all living organisms are made up of cells
5. Prokaryotic Cell: - always unicellular
BIOL 1108
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BIOL 1108
- cells without a nucleus, prokaryotic DNA is circular and is
located in a region called the nucleoid
- prokaryotic cells have only ribosomes, a cell wall, and a cell
membrane - less complex than eukaryotes
6. Eukaryotic Cell: - can be either unicellular (like protists) or multicellular
(like plants and animals)
- cells with a nucleus, DNA is linear and found within a nucleus
- contain a true nucleus and numerous other membrane-bound organelles
such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes,
vacuoles, and chloroplasts (in plants)
7. Key Features of Cell: - cell membrane
- a mechanism to acquire, transform, and use energy to power cellular
processes
- cells have ability to store and transmit information: nucleic acids
8. Cell Membrane: all cells have a discrete boundary that separates the
interior of the cell from its external environment
BIOL 1108
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BIOL 1108
- a mechanism to separate and regulate the internal environment
- it controls exchange and communication with the environment
- maintains homeostasis: phospholipid bilayer membrane (plasma
membrane)
- selectively permeable
9. Homeostasis: the active regulation and maintenance of a stable internal
physiological state in the face of a changing external environment
10. Selectively Permeable: lets some molecules in and out freely; it lets
other in and out only under certain conditions; and it prevents still other
molecules from passing through at all (respective to the cell membrane)
11. Nucleic Acids: store and transmit information needed for growth,
function, and reproduction
12. Nutritional Modes: how organisms obtain vital energy to fuel cellular
processes and carbon to build organic molecules
2 sources:
- the sun
BIOL 1108
BIOL 1108
Exam3: BIOL 1108 - Principles of Biology II Lab
(Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) Review| 100% Verified
Questions & Answer| Grade A.
1. Life: - living organisms are complex
- living organisms can change in response to the environment
- living organisms can reproduce
- living organisms have the capacity to evolve
2. Evolution: - modern life come from other living things
- all life shares a common ancestor/ancestors
- because of evolution, all life has similarities, but also differences
- the environment (both abiotic and biotic) contributes to how evolution
shapes organisms
- since all life possess similarities, there are broad challenges that we can
identify when we consider living things (how organisms deal w/ these
challenges in different environments will help explain variation)
3. Universal Challenges of Life: 1) energy use to drive processes
BIOL 1108
, 2
BIOL 1108
2) exchange with the environment
- energy
- water
- nutrients
- gases
- wastes
- other molecules
3) coordinating responses to the environment
4) transporting molecules throughout the "body"
5) developing, growing, and maturing
6) defending the "body" against foreign invaders and predators
7) reproducing
4. Cell: simplest entity, exist as an independent unit of life (unicellular
organisms
- all living organisms are made up of cells
5. Prokaryotic Cell: - always unicellular
BIOL 1108
, 3
BIOL 1108
- cells without a nucleus, prokaryotic DNA is circular and is
located in a region called the nucleoid
- prokaryotic cells have only ribosomes, a cell wall, and a cell
membrane - less complex than eukaryotes
6. Eukaryotic Cell: - can be either unicellular (like protists) or multicellular
(like plants and animals)
- cells with a nucleus, DNA is linear and found within a nucleus
- contain a true nucleus and numerous other membrane-bound organelles
such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes,
vacuoles, and chloroplasts (in plants)
7. Key Features of Cell: - cell membrane
- a mechanism to acquire, transform, and use energy to power cellular
processes
- cells have ability to store and transmit information: nucleic acids
8. Cell Membrane: all cells have a discrete boundary that separates the
interior of the cell from its external environment
BIOL 1108
, 4
BIOL 1108
- a mechanism to separate and regulate the internal environment
- it controls exchange and communication with the environment
- maintains homeostasis: phospholipid bilayer membrane (plasma
membrane)
- selectively permeable
9. Homeostasis: the active regulation and maintenance of a stable internal
physiological state in the face of a changing external environment
10. Selectively Permeable: lets some molecules in and out freely; it lets
other in and out only under certain conditions; and it prevents still other
molecules from passing through at all (respective to the cell membrane)
11. Nucleic Acids: store and transmit information needed for growth,
function, and reproduction
12. Nutritional Modes: how organisms obtain vital energy to fuel cellular
processes and carbon to build organic molecules
2 sources:
- the sun
BIOL 1108
