1|Page
Evolve Elsevier Hesi Med Surg Newest 2026-2027
Exam Preparation With Complete 200 Questions
And Correct Answers With Rationales | Already
Graded A+||Brand New Version!!
A client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been
experiencing severe reflux during sleep. Which recommendation
by the nurse is most effective to assist the client?
A) Losing weight.
B) Decreasing caffeine intake.
C) Avoiding large meals.
D) Raising the head of the bed on blocks. - CORRECT
ANSWER-D) Raising the head of the bed on blocks.
Rationale: Raising the head of the bed on blocks (D) (reverse
Trendelenburg position) to reduce reflux and subsequent
aspiration is the most effective recommendation for a client
experiencing severe gastroesophageal reflux during sleep. (A, B
and C) may be effective recommendations but raising the head
of the bed is more effective for relief during sleep.
,2|Page
2|Page
The nurse is caring for a client with syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), which is manifested by which
symptoms?
A) Loss of thirst, weight gain.
B) Dependent edema, fever.
C) Polydipsia, polyuria.
D) Hypernatremia, tachypnea. - CORRECT ANSWER-A)
Loss of thirst, weight gain.
Rationale: SIADH occurs when the posterior pituitary gland
releases too much ADH, causing water retention, a urine output
of less than 20 ml/hour, and dilutional hyponatremia. Other
indications of SIADH are loss of thirst, weight gain (A),
irritability, muscle weakness, and decreased level of
consciousness. (B) is not associated with SIADH. (C) is a
finding associated with diabetes insipidus (a water metabolism
problem caused by an ADH deficiency), not SIADH. The
increase in plasma volume causes an increase in the glomerular
filtration rate that inhibits the release of rennin and aldosterone,
,3|Page
which results in an increased sodium loss in urine, leading to
greater hyponatremia, not (D).
3|Page
The nurse is planning care for a client with newly diagnosed
diabetes mellitus that requires insulin. Which assessment should
the nurse identify before beginning the teaching session?
A) Present knowledge related to the skill of injection.
B) Intelligence and developmental level of the client.
C) Willingness of the client to learn the injection sites.
D) Financial resources available for the equipment. -
CORRECT ANSWER-C) Willingness of the client to learn the
injection sites.
Rationale: If a client is incapable or does not want to learn, it is
unlikely that learning will occur, so motivation is the first factor
the nurse should assess before teaching (C). To determine
learning needs, the nurse should assess (A), but this is not the
most important factor for the nurse to assess. (B and D) are
factors to consider, but not as vital as (C).
, 4|Page
The nurse is caring for a client who has taken a large quantity of
furosemide (Lasix) to promote weight loss. The nurse
anticipates the finding of which acid-base imbalance?
A) PO2 of 78 mm Hg
4|Page
B) HCO3 of 34 mEq/L
C) PCO2 of 56 mm Hg
D) pH of 7.31 - CORRECT ANSWER-B) HCO3 of 34 mEq/L
Rationale: Diuretics (non-potassium sparing) cause metabolic
alkalosis. A) PO2 of 78 mm Hg: This Po2 demonstrates mild
hypoxemia, consistent with respiratory disorders, not with
diuretic use. C) PCO2 of 56 mm Hg: CO2 retention results from
hypoventilation, which is not consistent with diuretic use. D) pH
of 7.31: This pH is acidotic; diuretics promote metabolic
alkalosis.
The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is newly
diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which signs and
symptoms should the nurse describe when teaching the client
about hypoglycemia?
Evolve Elsevier Hesi Med Surg Newest 2026-2027
Exam Preparation With Complete 200 Questions
And Correct Answers With Rationales | Already
Graded A+||Brand New Version!!
A client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been
experiencing severe reflux during sleep. Which recommendation
by the nurse is most effective to assist the client?
A) Losing weight.
B) Decreasing caffeine intake.
C) Avoiding large meals.
D) Raising the head of the bed on blocks. - CORRECT
ANSWER-D) Raising the head of the bed on blocks.
Rationale: Raising the head of the bed on blocks (D) (reverse
Trendelenburg position) to reduce reflux and subsequent
aspiration is the most effective recommendation for a client
experiencing severe gastroesophageal reflux during sleep. (A, B
and C) may be effective recommendations but raising the head
of the bed is more effective for relief during sleep.
,2|Page
2|Page
The nurse is caring for a client with syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), which is manifested by which
symptoms?
A) Loss of thirst, weight gain.
B) Dependent edema, fever.
C) Polydipsia, polyuria.
D) Hypernatremia, tachypnea. - CORRECT ANSWER-A)
Loss of thirst, weight gain.
Rationale: SIADH occurs when the posterior pituitary gland
releases too much ADH, causing water retention, a urine output
of less than 20 ml/hour, and dilutional hyponatremia. Other
indications of SIADH are loss of thirst, weight gain (A),
irritability, muscle weakness, and decreased level of
consciousness. (B) is not associated with SIADH. (C) is a
finding associated with diabetes insipidus (a water metabolism
problem caused by an ADH deficiency), not SIADH. The
increase in plasma volume causes an increase in the glomerular
filtration rate that inhibits the release of rennin and aldosterone,
,3|Page
which results in an increased sodium loss in urine, leading to
greater hyponatremia, not (D).
3|Page
The nurse is planning care for a client with newly diagnosed
diabetes mellitus that requires insulin. Which assessment should
the nurse identify before beginning the teaching session?
A) Present knowledge related to the skill of injection.
B) Intelligence and developmental level of the client.
C) Willingness of the client to learn the injection sites.
D) Financial resources available for the equipment. -
CORRECT ANSWER-C) Willingness of the client to learn the
injection sites.
Rationale: If a client is incapable or does not want to learn, it is
unlikely that learning will occur, so motivation is the first factor
the nurse should assess before teaching (C). To determine
learning needs, the nurse should assess (A), but this is not the
most important factor for the nurse to assess. (B and D) are
factors to consider, but not as vital as (C).
, 4|Page
The nurse is caring for a client who has taken a large quantity of
furosemide (Lasix) to promote weight loss. The nurse
anticipates the finding of which acid-base imbalance?
A) PO2 of 78 mm Hg
4|Page
B) HCO3 of 34 mEq/L
C) PCO2 of 56 mm Hg
D) pH of 7.31 - CORRECT ANSWER-B) HCO3 of 34 mEq/L
Rationale: Diuretics (non-potassium sparing) cause metabolic
alkalosis. A) PO2 of 78 mm Hg: This Po2 demonstrates mild
hypoxemia, consistent with respiratory disorders, not with
diuretic use. C) PCO2 of 56 mm Hg: CO2 retention results from
hypoventilation, which is not consistent with diuretic use. D) pH
of 7.31: This pH is acidotic; diuretics promote metabolic
alkalosis.
The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is newly
diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which signs and
symptoms should the nurse describe when teaching the client
about hypoglycemia?
