OPENSTAX MICROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 1
EXAMS SET OF FULL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FOR A GUARANTEED GRADE A+ IN
2026.
◍ How did the Romans prevent illnesses from human waste?
Answer: They made massive aqueducts that brought in fresh water
and made a huge sewer called Cloaca Maxima to dump a whole lot of
nasty into the river Tiber
◍ Who is considered the father of Western medicine and why?
Answer: Hippocrates (460-370 BC) He is credited with making the
hippocratic oath and saying that diseases were not caused by
supernatural forces
◍ bacterial cell size Answer: 1 micrometer
◍ microbial fermentation Answer: microorganisms consume
fermentable sugars and produce end products that inhibit growth of
pathogens
◍ inoculation loop Answer: a metal rod with a small wire loop at the
end, used as a swab
, ◍ Bacteria Answer: single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus;
prokaryotes
◍ virus Answer: A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then
reproduces inside a living cell.
◍ What is the minimal size an object must be to be visible by the
naked eye (without a microscope)? Answer: 100 micrometers (µm)
◍ bacterial shapes Answer: spherical (coccus), rod-shaped
(bacillus), or curved (spirillum, spirochete, or vibrio).
◍ Defining characteristics of bacteria Answer: 1) lack of membrane-
bound organelles, 2) unicellular and 3) small (usually microscopic)
size
◍ Atom size Answer: 0.1 nm
◍ Molecule size Answer: 1 nm
◍ Organelle size Answer: 1 micrometer
◍ genus Answer: group of closely related species; the first part of
the scientific name in binomial nomenclature
EXAMS SET OF FULL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FOR A GUARANTEED GRADE A+ IN
2026.
◍ How did the Romans prevent illnesses from human waste?
Answer: They made massive aqueducts that brought in fresh water
and made a huge sewer called Cloaca Maxima to dump a whole lot of
nasty into the river Tiber
◍ Who is considered the father of Western medicine and why?
Answer: Hippocrates (460-370 BC) He is credited with making the
hippocratic oath and saying that diseases were not caused by
supernatural forces
◍ bacterial cell size Answer: 1 micrometer
◍ microbial fermentation Answer: microorganisms consume
fermentable sugars and produce end products that inhibit growth of
pathogens
◍ inoculation loop Answer: a metal rod with a small wire loop at the
end, used as a swab
, ◍ Bacteria Answer: single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus;
prokaryotes
◍ virus Answer: A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then
reproduces inside a living cell.
◍ What is the minimal size an object must be to be visible by the
naked eye (without a microscope)? Answer: 100 micrometers (µm)
◍ bacterial shapes Answer: spherical (coccus), rod-shaped
(bacillus), or curved (spirillum, spirochete, or vibrio).
◍ Defining characteristics of bacteria Answer: 1) lack of membrane-
bound organelles, 2) unicellular and 3) small (usually microscopic)
size
◍ Atom size Answer: 0.1 nm
◍ Molecule size Answer: 1 nm
◍ Organelle size Answer: 1 micrometer
◍ genus Answer: group of closely related species; the first part of
the scientific name in binomial nomenclature
