WGU D312 - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I | QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+ | LATEST EXAM
What quadrant includes the left lobe of the liver, stomach, pancreas, and
portions of the small and large intestines? - CORRECT ANSWER - Left upper
quadrant (LUQ)
Which part of the plasma membrane binds a specific molecule outside the cell?
- CORRECT ANSWER - Receptor
A receptor is a type of recognition protein that can selectively bind a specific
molecule outside the cell, and this binding induces a chemical reaction within
the cell.
What does it mean if an anatomical structure is caudal? - CORRECT
ANSWER - If an anatomical structure is described as caudal, it means it is
located towards the tail or lower part of the body. In humans, this typically
refers to a position closer to the feet or the lower end of the spine.
For example, the legs are caudal to the arms, meaning they are situated lower on
the body compared to the arms.
What is the role of an effector in a negative feedback system? - CORRECT
ANSWER - In a negative feedback system, the effector plays a crucial role in
maintaining homeostasis by carrying out the response to a stimulus. Here's how
it works:
Detection: A receptor detects a change in a physiological variable (e.g.,
temperature, blood sugar levels).
Signal Processing: The control center (often the brain or endocrine glands)
processes this information and determines the appropriate response.
Action: The effector enacts the response to counteract the initial change and
bring the variable back to its set point.
For example, if your body temperature drops, the effector (such as muscles
shivering) generates heat to raise your body temperature back to normal.
,What is the correct order of the epidermis layer arranged from deep to
superficial? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Stratum basale (or stratum
germinativum)
2. Stratum spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum lucidum (only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles)
5. Stratum corneum
Which skin layer contains Langerhans cells? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Langerhans cells are primarily found in the stratum spinosum layer of the
epidermis. These cells play a key role in the skin's immune defense by acting as
antigen-presenting cells, which help detect and fight pathogens.
Which degree of burn affects the underlying bones and muscles? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Fourth-degree burns are the most severe and affect not only all
layers of the skin but also the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons. These
burns often appear charred or white and are typically painless because the nerve
endings are destroyed.
Which part of the long bone has an epiphyseal line? - CORRECT ANSWER -
The epiphyseal line is located at the junction between the diaphysis (the shaft or
central part of the bone) and the epiphysis (the end part of the bone) in long
bones. This line is a remnant of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) and indicates
that the bone has completed its growth in length.
Which suture is present between the left and right parietal lobes? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The suture present between the left and right parietal lobes is the
sagittal suture. This suture runs along the midline of the skull, connecting the
two parietal bones.
Which two bones form the pectoral girdle? - CORRECT ANSWER - The
pectoral girdle, also known as the shoulder girdle, is formed by two bones: the
,clavicle (collarbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade). These bones work
together to connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton and provide a wide
range of motion for the shoulder and arm.
What are the periodic invaginations in sarcolemma called? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The periodic invaginations in the sarcolemma are called T-tubules
(transverse tubules). These structures play a crucial role in conducting electrical
impulses from the surface of the muscle fiber to its interior, ensuring that the
muscle contracts efficiently and uniformly.
Which medially placed group of muscles is part of the erector spinae? -
CORRECT ANSWER - The spinalis muscles are the most medially placed
group within the erector spinae muscle group. These muscles are located closest
to the spine and are responsible for extending and laterally flexing the cervical
and thoracic regions of the spine.
Which thigh muscle is situated below the adductor longus? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The muscle situated below the adductor longus is the adductor
magnus. This muscle is a large, triangular muscle located in the medial
compartment of the thigh and plays a significant role in adducting and medially
rotating the thigh
What is the role of oligodendrocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Oligodendrocytes play a crucial role in the central nervous system (CNS) by
producing the myelin sheath that insulates axons. This myelination is essential
for the efficient transmission of electrical impulses along nerve fibers, which
helps in the rapid and coordinated communication between neurons.
Additionally, oligodendrocytes provide metabolic support to neurons and
contribute to maintaining a stable microenvironment within the CNS.
Which membrane channel is able to open due to a physical distortion? -
CORRECT ANSWER - The membrane channel that opens due to physical
distortion is the mechanically gated channel. These channels respond to
mechanical changes such as stretch, pressure, or vibration and are crucial in
sensory processes like touch and hearing.
, Which nerve controls the lifting of the upper eyelid? - CORRECT ANSWER -
The nerve responsible for controlling the lifting of the upper eyelid is the
oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III). It innervates the levator palpebrae
superioris muscle, which is essential for elevating the upper eyelid.
Which hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary gland? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The posterior pituitary gland secretes two main hormones:
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin.
Oxytocin plays a crucial role in childbirth and lactation, stimulating uterine
contractions and milk ejection.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps regulate water balance in the body by
increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Which endocrine gland secretes glucagon? - CORRECT ANSWER - Glucagon
is secreted by the pancreas. Specifically, it is produced by the alpha cells in the
islets of Langerhans within the pancreas.
Glucagon plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by promoting the
conversion of stored glycogen in the liver into glucose, which is then released
into the bloodstream.
Which glycoprotein hormone is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland? -
CORRECT ANSWER - The anterior pituitary gland secretes several
glycoprotein hormones, including:
Luteinizing hormone (LH): Stimulates the secretion of sex hormones by the
ovaries and testes.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Promotes the growth and maturation of
ovarian follicles in females and spermatogenesis in males.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce
thyroid hormones.
These hormones play crucial roles in regulating various physiological processes,
including reproduction and metabolism.
ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+ | LATEST EXAM
What quadrant includes the left lobe of the liver, stomach, pancreas, and
portions of the small and large intestines? - CORRECT ANSWER - Left upper
quadrant (LUQ)
Which part of the plasma membrane binds a specific molecule outside the cell?
- CORRECT ANSWER - Receptor
A receptor is a type of recognition protein that can selectively bind a specific
molecule outside the cell, and this binding induces a chemical reaction within
the cell.
What does it mean if an anatomical structure is caudal? - CORRECT
ANSWER - If an anatomical structure is described as caudal, it means it is
located towards the tail or lower part of the body. In humans, this typically
refers to a position closer to the feet or the lower end of the spine.
For example, the legs are caudal to the arms, meaning they are situated lower on
the body compared to the arms.
What is the role of an effector in a negative feedback system? - CORRECT
ANSWER - In a negative feedback system, the effector plays a crucial role in
maintaining homeostasis by carrying out the response to a stimulus. Here's how
it works:
Detection: A receptor detects a change in a physiological variable (e.g.,
temperature, blood sugar levels).
Signal Processing: The control center (often the brain or endocrine glands)
processes this information and determines the appropriate response.
Action: The effector enacts the response to counteract the initial change and
bring the variable back to its set point.
For example, if your body temperature drops, the effector (such as muscles
shivering) generates heat to raise your body temperature back to normal.
,What is the correct order of the epidermis layer arranged from deep to
superficial? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Stratum basale (or stratum
germinativum)
2. Stratum spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum lucidum (only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles)
5. Stratum corneum
Which skin layer contains Langerhans cells? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Langerhans cells are primarily found in the stratum spinosum layer of the
epidermis. These cells play a key role in the skin's immune defense by acting as
antigen-presenting cells, which help detect and fight pathogens.
Which degree of burn affects the underlying bones and muscles? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Fourth-degree burns are the most severe and affect not only all
layers of the skin but also the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons. These
burns often appear charred or white and are typically painless because the nerve
endings are destroyed.
Which part of the long bone has an epiphyseal line? - CORRECT ANSWER -
The epiphyseal line is located at the junction between the diaphysis (the shaft or
central part of the bone) and the epiphysis (the end part of the bone) in long
bones. This line is a remnant of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) and indicates
that the bone has completed its growth in length.
Which suture is present between the left and right parietal lobes? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The suture present between the left and right parietal lobes is the
sagittal suture. This suture runs along the midline of the skull, connecting the
two parietal bones.
Which two bones form the pectoral girdle? - CORRECT ANSWER - The
pectoral girdle, also known as the shoulder girdle, is formed by two bones: the
,clavicle (collarbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade). These bones work
together to connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton and provide a wide
range of motion for the shoulder and arm.
What are the periodic invaginations in sarcolemma called? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The periodic invaginations in the sarcolemma are called T-tubules
(transverse tubules). These structures play a crucial role in conducting electrical
impulses from the surface of the muscle fiber to its interior, ensuring that the
muscle contracts efficiently and uniformly.
Which medially placed group of muscles is part of the erector spinae? -
CORRECT ANSWER - The spinalis muscles are the most medially placed
group within the erector spinae muscle group. These muscles are located closest
to the spine and are responsible for extending and laterally flexing the cervical
and thoracic regions of the spine.
Which thigh muscle is situated below the adductor longus? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The muscle situated below the adductor longus is the adductor
magnus. This muscle is a large, triangular muscle located in the medial
compartment of the thigh and plays a significant role in adducting and medially
rotating the thigh
What is the role of oligodendrocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Oligodendrocytes play a crucial role in the central nervous system (CNS) by
producing the myelin sheath that insulates axons. This myelination is essential
for the efficient transmission of electrical impulses along nerve fibers, which
helps in the rapid and coordinated communication between neurons.
Additionally, oligodendrocytes provide metabolic support to neurons and
contribute to maintaining a stable microenvironment within the CNS.
Which membrane channel is able to open due to a physical distortion? -
CORRECT ANSWER - The membrane channel that opens due to physical
distortion is the mechanically gated channel. These channels respond to
mechanical changes such as stretch, pressure, or vibration and are crucial in
sensory processes like touch and hearing.
, Which nerve controls the lifting of the upper eyelid? - CORRECT ANSWER -
The nerve responsible for controlling the lifting of the upper eyelid is the
oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III). It innervates the levator palpebrae
superioris muscle, which is essential for elevating the upper eyelid.
Which hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary gland? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The posterior pituitary gland secretes two main hormones:
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin.
Oxytocin plays a crucial role in childbirth and lactation, stimulating uterine
contractions and milk ejection.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps regulate water balance in the body by
increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Which endocrine gland secretes glucagon? - CORRECT ANSWER - Glucagon
is secreted by the pancreas. Specifically, it is produced by the alpha cells in the
islets of Langerhans within the pancreas.
Glucagon plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by promoting the
conversion of stored glycogen in the liver into glucose, which is then released
into the bloodstream.
Which glycoprotein hormone is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland? -
CORRECT ANSWER - The anterior pituitary gland secretes several
glycoprotein hormones, including:
Luteinizing hormone (LH): Stimulates the secretion of sex hormones by the
ovaries and testes.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Promotes the growth and maturation of
ovarian follicles in females and spermatogenesis in males.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce
thyroid hormones.
These hormones play crucial roles in regulating various physiological processes,
including reproduction and metabolism.
