BIOL 1201 – 100 Exam Questions on Transcription, Translation, Viruses & Gene Regulation – 2025/2026 – Louisiana State University

This document contains 100 graded and verified multiple-choice questions with answers for BIOL 1201 Exam 4 at Louisiana State University, tailored for the 2025/2026 academic year. It comprehensively covers core molecular biology topics, beginning with transcription and translation. Students are tested on transcription initiation, the role of RNA polymerase II, the function of promoters (including the TATA box), mRNA processing (including splicing, introns, exons, and spliceosomes), and the directionality of synthesis. Translation is also thoroughly reviewed, with focus on ribosome structure, codons (start and stop), tRNA function, and protein folding (primary to quaternary structures). The document expands into virology, distinguishing between lytic and lysogenic cycles, viral genome types (RNA, DNA, retrovirus), and specific viruses such as HIV, H1N1, and herpes. It also discusses retroviral replication, capsid function, and the integration of viral genomes into host DNA. Students will find questions on gene expression regulation, including transcription factors, enhancers, repressors, epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation), and key developmental genes like Hox genes and master regulators. Additional topics include noncoding DNA, transposons, genome mapping techniques (linkage maps, physical maps, sequencing), mutagens, and ligand-receptor signaling mechanisms such as GPCRs and tyrosine kinases. The material connects genotype to phenotype through a molecular lens, preparing students for advanced understanding in molecular genetics, genomics, and biotechnology. This document is suitable for undergraduates in biology-related fields, especially those studying for assessments in molecular biology, genetics, cell biology, or biotechnology. Relevant for: – Students in Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Genetics, Biomedical Sciences, Pre-Med, or Biotechnology – Courses such as General Biology II, Molecular Cell Biology, Introduction to Genetics, or Virology Keywords: transcription, translation, mRNA, RNA polymerase, promoter, TATA box, spliceosome, intron, exon, codons, AUG, stop codon, ribosome, tRNA, protein structure, polypeptide, virus, lytic cycle, lysogenic cycle, retrovirus, capsid, HIV, influenza, genome integration, gene regulation, transcription factors, DNA methylation, enhancer, operator, repressor, master regulatory genes, hox genes, transposons, mutagen, genome mapping, GPCR, tyrosine kinase, LSU