NURS306 OB QUIZZES 1-6 & FINAL EXAMS
STUDY BUNDLE 2026 – COMPLETE
CONCEPT REVIEW & PRACTICE MATERIALS
(LATEST EDITION)
Unit 1: Foundations & Prenatal Care
1. Q: What is Gravida and Para?
A: Gravida (G) is the total number of pregnancies. Para (TPAL) is the outcome of those
pregnancies: Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living children.
2. Q: A patient is pregnant for the 3rd time and has 1 living child born at 38 weeks and 1
miscarriage at 10 weeks. What is her GTPAL?
A: G3 T1 P0 A1 L1
3. Q: What is Naegele’s Rule?
A: A formula to estimate the due date (EDD): First day of last menstrual period (LMP) - 3
months + 7 days + 1 year.
4. Q: Which hormone is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum and early
pregnancy?
A: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG).
5. Q: What is the primary sign of presumptive pregnancy?
A: Amenorrhea (missed period). Other signs include nausea, breast tenderness, fatigue.
6. Q: What is the difference between presumptive, probable, and positive signs of
pregnancy?
A: Presumptive are felt by woman (nausea). Probable are observed by provider
(enlarged uterus, + pregnancy test). Positive are diagnostic (fetal heartbeat on Doppler,
ultrasound visualization).
7. Q: When can fetal heart tones first be heard via Doppler?
A: Approximately 10-12 weeks gestation.
, 8. Q: What is the recommended weight gain for a patient with a normal BMI?
A: 25-35 lbs (11.5-16 kg).
9. Q: What critical nutrient prevents neural tube defects and is recommended pre-
conception and early pregnancy?
A: Folic Acid (400-800 mcg/day).
10. Q: What is the danger sign in pregnancy that requires immediate reporting?
A: Sudden gush of fluid (possible ROM), vaginal bleeding, severe headache/visual
changes (preeclampsia), decreased fetal movement.
Unit 2: Maternal Physiology & Fetal Development
11. Q: What is the normal increase in blood volume during pregnancy?
A: Approximately 40-50% above pre-pregnancy levels.
12. Q: Why is pregnancy considered a "hypercoagulable" state?
A: Increased clotting factors and decreased fibrinolysis to protect from hemorrhage at
delivery, but increases risk of DVT/PE.
13. Q: What is physiologic anemia of pregnancy?
A: Disproportionate increase in plasma volume vs. RBC mass, causing a dilutional drop in
Hgb and Hct. It is normal.
14. Q: When does the fetal heart begin to beat?
A: Around 5-6 weeks gestation.
15. Q: What organ is the site of nutrient, gas, and waste exchange between mother and
fetus?
A: The placenta.
16. Q: What fetal structure shunts blood away from the non-functional lungs?
A: Ductus arteriosus.
17. Q: What is the purpose of Wharton's jelly in the umbilical cord?
A: To protect the umbilical vessels from compression and kinking.
18. Q: What is the "period of organogenesis" and why is it critical?
A: Weeks 3-8 post-conception. It is when all major organs form, making the fetus most
vulnerable to teratogens.
19. Q: What two hormones are produced by the placenta?
A: Estrogen and Progesterone.
, 20. Q: What is the normal FHR range?
A: 110-160 beats per minute.
Unit 3: Intrapartum (Labor & Delivery)
21. Q: What are the 5 P's of Labor?
A: Passenger (fetus), Passageway (pelvis/birth canal), Powers (contractions), Position (of
mother), and Psyche (psychological response).
22. Q: What are the four stages of labor?
A: 1st: Cervical dilation. 2nd: Pushing & birth. 3rd: Delivery of placenta. 4th: Recovery (1-
2 hrs postpartum).
23. Q: What defines the latent vs. active phase of the first stage?
A: Latent: 0-6 cm dilation, mild/moderate contractions. Active: 6-10 cm dilation, strong,
regular contractions.
24. Q: What is the cardinal movement of labor where the fetal head rotates to pass under
the pubic symphysis?
A: Internal Rotation.
25. Q: What are reassuring characteristics of FHR variability?
A: Moderate variability (6-25 bpm fluctuations). It indicates adequate fetal CNS
oxygenation.
26. Q: What are early decelerations and what do they indicate?
A: Gradual FHR decrease mirroring a contraction. Caused by head compression. They are
normal and reassuring.
27. Q: What are variable decelerations and what is the first nursing intervention?
A: Abrupt, variable-shaped FHR decreases. Caused by cord compression. First action:
Change maternal position (often to lateral).
28. Q: What are late decelerations and what is their cause?
A: Gradual FHR decrease that starts after the peak of the contraction and recovers after
it ends. Caused by uteroplacental insufficiency.
29. Q: What is the normal duration of the third stage of labor?
A: 5-30 minutes.
30. Q: What sign indicates placental separation?
A: A sudden gush of blood, lengthening of the umbilical cord, and the uterus becoming
firm and globular.
, Unit 4: Postpartum & Newborn Care
31. Q: What are the 3 postpartum physiological changes called "involution"?
A: The uterus returns to its non-pregnant size, location, and function.
32. Q: Where should the fundus be 1 hour after delivery?
A: At the umbilicus or slightly below.
33. Q: What is lochia and name the three stages.
A: Postpartum uterine discharge. Rubra (red, days 1-3), Serosa (pink/brown, days 4-10),
Alba (yellow/white, up to 6 weeks).
34. Q: What is the primary danger in the immediate postpartum period related to the
uterus?
A: Uterine atony (failure to contract), leading to hemorrhage.
35. Q: What are the 4 types of postpartum hemorrhage?
A: 4 T's: Tone (atony), Tissue (retained placenta), Trauma (laceration), Thrombin
(coagulopathy).
36. Q: What is engorgement and when does it typically peak?
A: Swelling and tenderness of breasts due to increased blood flow and milk production.
Peaks day 3-5 postpartum.
37. Q: What hormone is responsible for milk production (lactogenesis)?
A: Prolactin.
38. Q: What hormone is responsible for the milk ejection reflex (let-down)?
A: Oxytocin.
39. Q: What is the normal newborn respiratory rate?
A: 30-60 breaths per minute.
40. Q: What is the Apgar score and when is it assessed?
A: A quick assessment of newborn transition at 1 and 5 minutes of life. Scores 0-10
based on Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration.
41. Q: What vitamin is given to newborns prophylactically and why?
A: Vitamin K. Newborns have sterile guts and cannot synthesize it, needed for clotting
factors.
STUDY BUNDLE 2026 – COMPLETE
CONCEPT REVIEW & PRACTICE MATERIALS
(LATEST EDITION)
Unit 1: Foundations & Prenatal Care
1. Q: What is Gravida and Para?
A: Gravida (G) is the total number of pregnancies. Para (TPAL) is the outcome of those
pregnancies: Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living children.
2. Q: A patient is pregnant for the 3rd time and has 1 living child born at 38 weeks and 1
miscarriage at 10 weeks. What is her GTPAL?
A: G3 T1 P0 A1 L1
3. Q: What is Naegele’s Rule?
A: A formula to estimate the due date (EDD): First day of last menstrual period (LMP) - 3
months + 7 days + 1 year.
4. Q: Which hormone is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum and early
pregnancy?
A: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG).
5. Q: What is the primary sign of presumptive pregnancy?
A: Amenorrhea (missed period). Other signs include nausea, breast tenderness, fatigue.
6. Q: What is the difference between presumptive, probable, and positive signs of
pregnancy?
A: Presumptive are felt by woman (nausea). Probable are observed by provider
(enlarged uterus, + pregnancy test). Positive are diagnostic (fetal heartbeat on Doppler,
ultrasound visualization).
7. Q: When can fetal heart tones first be heard via Doppler?
A: Approximately 10-12 weeks gestation.
, 8. Q: What is the recommended weight gain for a patient with a normal BMI?
A: 25-35 lbs (11.5-16 kg).
9. Q: What critical nutrient prevents neural tube defects and is recommended pre-
conception and early pregnancy?
A: Folic Acid (400-800 mcg/day).
10. Q: What is the danger sign in pregnancy that requires immediate reporting?
A: Sudden gush of fluid (possible ROM), vaginal bleeding, severe headache/visual
changes (preeclampsia), decreased fetal movement.
Unit 2: Maternal Physiology & Fetal Development
11. Q: What is the normal increase in blood volume during pregnancy?
A: Approximately 40-50% above pre-pregnancy levels.
12. Q: Why is pregnancy considered a "hypercoagulable" state?
A: Increased clotting factors and decreased fibrinolysis to protect from hemorrhage at
delivery, but increases risk of DVT/PE.
13. Q: What is physiologic anemia of pregnancy?
A: Disproportionate increase in plasma volume vs. RBC mass, causing a dilutional drop in
Hgb and Hct. It is normal.
14. Q: When does the fetal heart begin to beat?
A: Around 5-6 weeks gestation.
15. Q: What organ is the site of nutrient, gas, and waste exchange between mother and
fetus?
A: The placenta.
16. Q: What fetal structure shunts blood away from the non-functional lungs?
A: Ductus arteriosus.
17. Q: What is the purpose of Wharton's jelly in the umbilical cord?
A: To protect the umbilical vessels from compression and kinking.
18. Q: What is the "period of organogenesis" and why is it critical?
A: Weeks 3-8 post-conception. It is when all major organs form, making the fetus most
vulnerable to teratogens.
19. Q: What two hormones are produced by the placenta?
A: Estrogen and Progesterone.
, 20. Q: What is the normal FHR range?
A: 110-160 beats per minute.
Unit 3: Intrapartum (Labor & Delivery)
21. Q: What are the 5 P's of Labor?
A: Passenger (fetus), Passageway (pelvis/birth canal), Powers (contractions), Position (of
mother), and Psyche (psychological response).
22. Q: What are the four stages of labor?
A: 1st: Cervical dilation. 2nd: Pushing & birth. 3rd: Delivery of placenta. 4th: Recovery (1-
2 hrs postpartum).
23. Q: What defines the latent vs. active phase of the first stage?
A: Latent: 0-6 cm dilation, mild/moderate contractions. Active: 6-10 cm dilation, strong,
regular contractions.
24. Q: What is the cardinal movement of labor where the fetal head rotates to pass under
the pubic symphysis?
A: Internal Rotation.
25. Q: What are reassuring characteristics of FHR variability?
A: Moderate variability (6-25 bpm fluctuations). It indicates adequate fetal CNS
oxygenation.
26. Q: What are early decelerations and what do they indicate?
A: Gradual FHR decrease mirroring a contraction. Caused by head compression. They are
normal and reassuring.
27. Q: What are variable decelerations and what is the first nursing intervention?
A: Abrupt, variable-shaped FHR decreases. Caused by cord compression. First action:
Change maternal position (often to lateral).
28. Q: What are late decelerations and what is their cause?
A: Gradual FHR decrease that starts after the peak of the contraction and recovers after
it ends. Caused by uteroplacental insufficiency.
29. Q: What is the normal duration of the third stage of labor?
A: 5-30 minutes.
30. Q: What sign indicates placental separation?
A: A sudden gush of blood, lengthening of the umbilical cord, and the uterus becoming
firm and globular.
, Unit 4: Postpartum & Newborn Care
31. Q: What are the 3 postpartum physiological changes called "involution"?
A: The uterus returns to its non-pregnant size, location, and function.
32. Q: Where should the fundus be 1 hour after delivery?
A: At the umbilicus or slightly below.
33. Q: What is lochia and name the three stages.
A: Postpartum uterine discharge. Rubra (red, days 1-3), Serosa (pink/brown, days 4-10),
Alba (yellow/white, up to 6 weeks).
34. Q: What is the primary danger in the immediate postpartum period related to the
uterus?
A: Uterine atony (failure to contract), leading to hemorrhage.
35. Q: What are the 4 types of postpartum hemorrhage?
A: 4 T's: Tone (atony), Tissue (retained placenta), Trauma (laceration), Thrombin
(coagulopathy).
36. Q: What is engorgement and when does it typically peak?
A: Swelling and tenderness of breasts due to increased blood flow and milk production.
Peaks day 3-5 postpartum.
37. Q: What hormone is responsible for milk production (lactogenesis)?
A: Prolactin.
38. Q: What hormone is responsible for the milk ejection reflex (let-down)?
A: Oxytocin.
39. Q: What is the normal newborn respiratory rate?
A: 30-60 breaths per minute.
40. Q: What is the Apgar score and when is it assessed?
A: A quick assessment of newborn transition at 1 and 5 minutes of life. Scores 0-10
based on Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration.
41. Q: What vitamin is given to newborns prophylactically and why?
A: Vitamin K. Newborns have sterile guts and cannot synthesize it, needed for clotting
factors.
