MSN 6101 Midterm Exam With Detailed
Questions And Correct Verified
Answers||Latest Exam 2025-
2026||Already Graded A+
Bioavailability -ANS the extent to which an administered drug becomes biologically
available in the systemic circulation
Clearance -ANS a pharmacokinetic expression to define the elimination of a substance
(Due to metabolism and/or excretion
Cytochrome P450 -ANS responsible for metabolizing a wide range of substances.
Disposition (of a drug or nutrient) -ANS Physiologic absorption, distribution, and
elimination (metabolism, and/or excretion)
Effect (of a drug or nutrient) -ANS physiologic action of a substance at a cellular or
subcellular target
enzyme -ANS complex proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, biotransforming the
ligand into one or more metabolites, which may be physiologically active, drug reaction
metabolites are classified as phase 1 (oxidation) or phase 2 (conjugation)
gene polymorphism -ANS presence of alternate nucleotide sequences for a gene in a
population subset, thereby coding for an alternate expression of the protein
malnutrition -ANS general term for "poor nutrition status" which refers to nutrient intake
out of balance with requirements; can refer to underweight, overweight, and obesity and
altered states of metabolism as well as specific nutrient imbalances. best identified by a
thorough nutrition assessment.
object (of interaction) -ANS the influenced party (or victim) of an interaction
pharmaceutic -ANS term relating to physical and chemical properties of drug molecules,
as well as design and evaluation of drug delivery systems/dosage forms and the
monitoring of drug disposition following administration.
pharmacodynamic -ANS term relating to influence of the administered drug on the boy,
organ, or tissue
pharmacokinetic -ANS term relating to influence of the body on an administered drug
, precipitating factor (of interaction) -ANS initiating factor or "perpetrator" of interaction
physiochemical -ANS pertaining to physical and chemical properties of a substance
(drug or nutrient)
receptor -ANS a protein that serves as a reactive site of attachment with some degree
of affinity for a ligand (drug or nutrient)
transporter -ANS membrane-embedded protein responsible for moving a substrate
(drug or nutrient)from one side of the membrane to the other. can be "active" requiring
energy as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ex. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily,
for ex. P-glycoprotein or not solute carrier (SLC) superfamily. for example, organic anion
transporting polypeptides (OATP) and peptide transporters (PepT)
Volume of distribution -ANS pharmacokinetic expression to define the theoretical body
of volume that a drug distributes to after absorption, this is based on a substances
unique distribution and binding throughout the body as determined by both physiologic
factors and substance related factors and described as a volume per unit of body weight
(/kg)
Nutritional Medicine overview (2 points) -ANS 1. prevents/treats diseases
2. does not lead to unpleasant side effects of pharmaceutical interventions
What is nutritional medicine about in most patients? -ANS 1. consuming whole,
unprocessed foods
2. minimizing intake of refined sugars, trans fats, food additives, salt, caffein, and
alcohol
3. cooking in ways that reduce formation of cholesterol oxides, lipid peroxides, AGEEs,
Maillard reaction products, and carcinogens that retain nutrients
4. consuming vitamins, minerals, AA, herbs, other compounds
what is sucrose? -ANS 50% fructose/50% glucose
derived from sugarcane
what is the most common type of HFCS and how is it produced? -ANS HFCS-55
produced from mixing HFCS-90 with HFCS-42
what is the name of the enzyme that changes glucose to fructose? -ANS xylose
isomerase
what is the issue with fructose/HFCS -ANS fructose is more lipogenic compared to
glucose (forms triglycerides)
fructose always ends up in the liver and can promote fatty liver disease, and kidney
disease (through increase in uric acid), can lead to insulin resistance in pancreas, does
not control appetite in brain, raise in triglyceride levels also risk factor for heart disease
Questions And Correct Verified
Answers||Latest Exam 2025-
2026||Already Graded A+
Bioavailability -ANS the extent to which an administered drug becomes biologically
available in the systemic circulation
Clearance -ANS a pharmacokinetic expression to define the elimination of a substance
(Due to metabolism and/or excretion
Cytochrome P450 -ANS responsible for metabolizing a wide range of substances.
Disposition (of a drug or nutrient) -ANS Physiologic absorption, distribution, and
elimination (metabolism, and/or excretion)
Effect (of a drug or nutrient) -ANS physiologic action of a substance at a cellular or
subcellular target
enzyme -ANS complex proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, biotransforming the
ligand into one or more metabolites, which may be physiologically active, drug reaction
metabolites are classified as phase 1 (oxidation) or phase 2 (conjugation)
gene polymorphism -ANS presence of alternate nucleotide sequences for a gene in a
population subset, thereby coding for an alternate expression of the protein
malnutrition -ANS general term for "poor nutrition status" which refers to nutrient intake
out of balance with requirements; can refer to underweight, overweight, and obesity and
altered states of metabolism as well as specific nutrient imbalances. best identified by a
thorough nutrition assessment.
object (of interaction) -ANS the influenced party (or victim) of an interaction
pharmaceutic -ANS term relating to physical and chemical properties of drug molecules,
as well as design and evaluation of drug delivery systems/dosage forms and the
monitoring of drug disposition following administration.
pharmacodynamic -ANS term relating to influence of the administered drug on the boy,
organ, or tissue
pharmacokinetic -ANS term relating to influence of the body on an administered drug
, precipitating factor (of interaction) -ANS initiating factor or "perpetrator" of interaction
physiochemical -ANS pertaining to physical and chemical properties of a substance
(drug or nutrient)
receptor -ANS a protein that serves as a reactive site of attachment with some degree
of affinity for a ligand (drug or nutrient)
transporter -ANS membrane-embedded protein responsible for moving a substrate
(drug or nutrient)from one side of the membrane to the other. can be "active" requiring
energy as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ex. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily,
for ex. P-glycoprotein or not solute carrier (SLC) superfamily. for example, organic anion
transporting polypeptides (OATP) and peptide transporters (PepT)
Volume of distribution -ANS pharmacokinetic expression to define the theoretical body
of volume that a drug distributes to after absorption, this is based on a substances
unique distribution and binding throughout the body as determined by both physiologic
factors and substance related factors and described as a volume per unit of body weight
(/kg)
Nutritional Medicine overview (2 points) -ANS 1. prevents/treats diseases
2. does not lead to unpleasant side effects of pharmaceutical interventions
What is nutritional medicine about in most patients? -ANS 1. consuming whole,
unprocessed foods
2. minimizing intake of refined sugars, trans fats, food additives, salt, caffein, and
alcohol
3. cooking in ways that reduce formation of cholesterol oxides, lipid peroxides, AGEEs,
Maillard reaction products, and carcinogens that retain nutrients
4. consuming vitamins, minerals, AA, herbs, other compounds
what is sucrose? -ANS 50% fructose/50% glucose
derived from sugarcane
what is the most common type of HFCS and how is it produced? -ANS HFCS-55
produced from mixing HFCS-90 with HFCS-42
what is the name of the enzyme that changes glucose to fructose? -ANS xylose
isomerase
what is the issue with fructose/HFCS -ANS fructose is more lipogenic compared to
glucose (forms triglycerides)
fructose always ends up in the liver and can promote fatty liver disease, and kidney
disease (through increase in uric acid), can lead to insulin resistance in pancreas, does
not control appetite in brain, raise in triglyceride levels also risk factor for heart disease
