Orthotics and Prosthetics Combined Written
Boards EXAM 2026-2027 LATEST VERSION
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
JUST RELEASED
if the oblique diameter of the anatomical malleoli is 83mm, the inside diameter of
the mechanical ankle joint (using a clevis joint) is?
A. 103 mm
B. 100 mm
C. 94 mm
D. 83 mm - answer>>>C. 94 mm (11mm wider than malleoli?)
what are some contraindications for a floor reaction AFO? -
answer>>>Genurecurvatum, coronal instability of the knee
a patient with an inferior lumbar myelomeningocele may develop hip flexion
contractures due to:
A. lack of hip extensors to act as antagonists
B. parental non-compliance with home stretching programs
C. good knee extension
D. A and B - answer>>>D. A and B
when putting a heel wedge on a shoe (in conjunction with a conventional AFO) to
address a flexible varus hindfoot, the wedge should be placed:
A. between the stirrup and heel of the shoe
B. between the shank and the sole
C. between the stirrup and the sole
D. below the heel of the shoe - answer>>>C. between the stirrup and the sole
-stabilizes subtalar and tarsal joints in stance
, -
-treats rear foot valgus/varus and flexible pes planus - answer>>>UCBL
what are some contraindications of a UCBL - answer>>>arthritic ankle/foot
rigid foot
-dynamic
- stabilize subtalar and tarsal joints
-treats flexible pes planus, mild/modertate spastic diplegia/hemiplegia CP or
hypotonic CP - answer>>>DAFO
what is a contraindication of a DAFO - answer>>>rigid foot
-dynamic
-stabilize subtalar and tarsal joints in stance
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-treats flexible pes planus, mild/moderate spastic diplegia/hemiplegia CP or
hypotonic CP - answer>>>Supramalleolar (SMO)
what are contraindications of a SMO? - answer>>>significant equinovarus and
hypertonicity
-dynamic
-assist in limb clearance in swing
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-treats DF weakness, impaired motor control, LMN flaccid paralysis of DFs -
answer>>>PLS
what is a contraindication for a PLS - answer>>>mod/severe hypertonicity
,-dynamic
-assist in limb clearance in swing
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-treats paralysis or impaired muscle performance of DFs - answer>>>Carbon AFO
what is a contraindication of a carbon AFO? - answer>>>mod/severe hypertonicity
-dynamic
-assist in limb clearance in swing
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-treats DF weakness/low tone
-e-stim treatment - answer>>>Neuroorthosis
what are contrainindications for neuro-orthoses - answer>>>flaccid paralysis and
intolerance to e-stim
-dynamic
-assist in limb clearance in swing
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-permits advancement of tibia in stance
-treats impaired motor control of ankle musculature
-indicated for potential reocver of neuromotor funtion - answer>>>AAFO
what is a contraindication for an AAFO - answer>>>LMN paralysis (flaccidity) or
hypotonicity as primary problem
-static
-controls ankle positions throughout stance
-provides stance phase stability via ankle-knee coupling
-assists in limb clearance during swing
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-distal trimline behind met heads or full toe-plate
, -
-treats significant hypertonicity with seriously impaired motor control at he ankle
and knee
-basis for KAFO and HKAFO - answer>>>SAFO
what is a contraindication for a SAFO - answer>>>LMN paralsis (flaccidity) or
hypotonicity as primary problem
-static
-provides stability in stance via knee-ankle coupling
-controls ankle position throughout stance
treats weakness or impaired motor control at knee and ankle - answer>>>GRAFO
what are contraindications for a GRAFO - answer>>>ligamentous insufficiency at
knee and genurecurvatum
when using an AFO with a solid ankle, a smooter gait may be achieved through the
use of a:
A. thomas heel
B. cushioned heel
C. medial heel/sole wedge
D. an extended steel shank - answer>>>B. Cushioned heel
A polymer AFO is contraindicated for which of the following conditions?
A. fluctuating edema of the foot and leg
B. moderate ankle valgus
C. fixed equinus deformity
D. pan talar fusion - answer>>>A. Fluctuating edema of the foot and leg
Boards EXAM 2026-2027 LATEST VERSION
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
JUST RELEASED
if the oblique diameter of the anatomical malleoli is 83mm, the inside diameter of
the mechanical ankle joint (using a clevis joint) is?
A. 103 mm
B. 100 mm
C. 94 mm
D. 83 mm - answer>>>C. 94 mm (11mm wider than malleoli?)
what are some contraindications for a floor reaction AFO? -
answer>>>Genurecurvatum, coronal instability of the knee
a patient with an inferior lumbar myelomeningocele may develop hip flexion
contractures due to:
A. lack of hip extensors to act as antagonists
B. parental non-compliance with home stretching programs
C. good knee extension
D. A and B - answer>>>D. A and B
when putting a heel wedge on a shoe (in conjunction with a conventional AFO) to
address a flexible varus hindfoot, the wedge should be placed:
A. between the stirrup and heel of the shoe
B. between the shank and the sole
C. between the stirrup and the sole
D. below the heel of the shoe - answer>>>C. between the stirrup and the sole
-stabilizes subtalar and tarsal joints in stance
, -
-treats rear foot valgus/varus and flexible pes planus - answer>>>UCBL
what are some contraindications of a UCBL - answer>>>arthritic ankle/foot
rigid foot
-dynamic
- stabilize subtalar and tarsal joints
-treats flexible pes planus, mild/modertate spastic diplegia/hemiplegia CP or
hypotonic CP - answer>>>DAFO
what is a contraindication of a DAFO - answer>>>rigid foot
-dynamic
-stabilize subtalar and tarsal joints in stance
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-treats flexible pes planus, mild/moderate spastic diplegia/hemiplegia CP or
hypotonic CP - answer>>>Supramalleolar (SMO)
what are contraindications of a SMO? - answer>>>significant equinovarus and
hypertonicity
-dynamic
-assist in limb clearance in swing
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-treats DF weakness, impaired motor control, LMN flaccid paralysis of DFs -
answer>>>PLS
what is a contraindication for a PLS - answer>>>mod/severe hypertonicity
,-dynamic
-assist in limb clearance in swing
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-treats paralysis or impaired muscle performance of DFs - answer>>>Carbon AFO
what is a contraindication of a carbon AFO? - answer>>>mod/severe hypertonicity
-dynamic
-assist in limb clearance in swing
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-treats DF weakness/low tone
-e-stim treatment - answer>>>Neuroorthosis
what are contrainindications for neuro-orthoses - answer>>>flaccid paralysis and
intolerance to e-stim
-dynamic
-assist in limb clearance in swing
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-permits advancement of tibia in stance
-treats impaired motor control of ankle musculature
-indicated for potential reocver of neuromotor funtion - answer>>>AAFO
what is a contraindication for an AAFO - answer>>>LMN paralysis (flaccidity) or
hypotonicity as primary problem
-static
-controls ankle positions throughout stance
-provides stance phase stability via ankle-knee coupling
-assists in limb clearance during swing
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-distal trimline behind met heads or full toe-plate
, -
-treats significant hypertonicity with seriously impaired motor control at he ankle
and knee
-basis for KAFO and HKAFO - answer>>>SAFO
what is a contraindication for a SAFO - answer>>>LMN paralsis (flaccidity) or
hypotonicity as primary problem
-static
-provides stability in stance via knee-ankle coupling
-controls ankle position throughout stance
treats weakness or impaired motor control at knee and ankle - answer>>>GRAFO
what are contraindications for a GRAFO - answer>>>ligamentous insufficiency at
knee and genurecurvatum
when using an AFO with a solid ankle, a smooter gait may be achieved through the
use of a:
A. thomas heel
B. cushioned heel
C. medial heel/sole wedge
D. an extended steel shank - answer>>>B. Cushioned heel
A polymer AFO is contraindicated for which of the following conditions?
A. fluctuating edema of the foot and leg
B. moderate ankle valgus
C. fixed equinus deformity
D. pan talar fusion - answer>>>A. Fluctuating edema of the foot and leg
