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1. The musculo- movement as well as our ability to maintain posture
skeletal system is
responsible for
2. Bone Any of the pieces of hard, whitish tissue making up the skeleton in
humans and other vertebrates.
3. Epiphyseal plates The sites of new bone growth, separated from the main bone by
cartilage
during the growth period. This is a potential injury site to be avoided
in prescribing exercise to prepubescent individuals.
4. Collagen The most abundant type of protein in the body. It forms tough
connective
tissue, the scattolding holding a muscle in place, which becomes
the tendons that tie muscles to bones. Connective tissue literally
holds the body together and includes skin, bones, ligaments,
cartilage, and organs.
5. Hydroxyapatite A complex phosphate of calcium that occurs as a mineral and is the
chief
structural element of vertebrate bone.
6. Trabecular bone Light, porous bone enclosing numerous large spaces that give
a honey- combed or spongy appearance.
7. Bone marrow The soft tissue in the center of the bone
8. Periosteum A connective tissue layer covering the outside surface of bone; it
contains
nerves and blood vessels.
9. Joints junction between two or more bones
10. Cartilaginous Joints similar to fibrous joints, except that the material binding the bones
together
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is cartilage
11. Joints that synovial joints
produce
movement
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12. Cartilage A firm, elastic, flexible, white material found at the ends of ribs,
between
vertebrae, at joint surfaces, and in the nose and ears.
13. Synovial fluid A fluid that lubricates the smooth cartilage in joints.
14. Ligaments The fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone, or bone to
cartilage, to hold together and support joints.
15. Tendon A band or cord of strong, fibrous (collagenous) tissue that connects
muscles
to bone.
16. Bursa A cushioning sac filled with a lubricating fluid that alleviates friction
where there is movement between muscles, between tendon
and bone, or be- tween bone and skin.
17. Sprains A stretching or tearing of ligaments.
18. First Degree Sprain This is the mildest type of sprain in which the ligaments are stretche
but
not torn.
19. Second This sprain does involve some tearing along with stretching of
Degree ligaments.
Sprain
20. Third Degree Sprain This is the most severe type of sprain, and the most severe
orthopedic injury short of actually breaking a bone.
21. Tendinopathy A disease of a tendon. More specifically, it can refer to tendinitis or
tendi-
nosis.
22. Tendinitis Tendon injuries that involve larger-scale acute injuries accompanied
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inflammation.
23. Tendinosis Chronic tendon injury with damage to a tendon at a cellular level.
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