PSYC 101 – Introduction to Psychology (Portage
Learning) | Modules 1–10 Exams & Final Exam (2025)
with Verified Questions & Answers
Module 1: Introduction to Psychology & Research Methods
Q1. Which of the following is a primary goal of psychology?
A. To predict and control behavior
B. To prescribe medication for mental illness
C. To study only abnormal behavior
D. To replace biological explanations with philosophical ones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Psychology aims to describe, explain, predict, and sometimes control behavior
and mental processes.
Q2. A researcher wants to study the effects of sleep deprivation on memory. Participants
are randomly assigned to either a sleep-deprived group or a well-rested group. This is an
example of:
A. Correlational research
B. Experimental research
C. Case study
D. Naturalistic observation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Random assignment and manipulation of the independent variable (sleep) are
hallmarks of experimental research.
Q3. The ______ perspective in psychology focuses on how unconscious drives and conflicts
influence behavior.
A. Behavioral
B. Cognitive
,C. Psychodynamic
D. Humanistic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The psychodynamic perspective, founded by Freud, emphasizes unconscious
processes and early childhood experiences.
Q4. A psychologist uses a detailed analysis of a single individual’s life to understand their
behavior. This method is called a:
A. Survey
B. Experiment
C. Case study
D. Longitudinal study
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A case study involves an in-depth examination of one person or a small group.
Q5. Which ethical principle requires researchers to inform participants about the purpose
and risks of a study before they agree to participate?
A. Debriefing
B. Informed consent
C. Confidentiality
D. Deception
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Informed consent ensures participants are aware of what the study entails
before they agree to take part.
Q6. A negative correlation between two variables means that:
A. As one variable increases, the other also increases
B. As one variable increases, the other decreases
,C. There is no relationship between the variables
D. The variables are caused by a third factor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A negative correlation indicates an inverse relationship between variables.
Q7. NGN-style: A researcher finds that students who spend more time on social media
report higher levels of anxiety. Which of the following conclusions is most justified?
A. Social media causes anxiety
B. Anxiety causes increased social media use
C. There is a relationship between social media use and anxiety
D. Social media should be banned for students
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correlation does not imply causation; the study only shows a relationship, not
the direction or cause.
Q8. Which of the following is NOT a descriptive research method?
A. Survey
B. Experiment
C. Naturalistic observation
D. Case study
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Experiments are used to establish cause-and-effect relationships, not just
describe behavior.
Q9. The placebo effect demonstrates the importance of ______ in research.
A. Random assignment
B. Control groups
C. Participant expectations
, D. Double-blind procedures
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The placebo effect occurs when participants’ expectations influence their
behavior or outcomes.
Q10. A psychologist who studies how people grow and change throughout their lives is most
likely a:
A. Clinical psychologist
B. Developmental psychologist
C. Social psychologist
D. Cognitive psychologist
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Developmental psychologists focus on changes across the lifespan.
Q11. Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable?
A. The amount of caffeine consumed
B. Test performance after consuming caffeine
C. The type of drink given to participants
D. The age of participants
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The dependent variable is the outcome that is measured (test performance).
Q12. The ______ approach in psychology focuses on how people process, store, and retrieve
information.
A. Behavioral
B. Cognitive
C. Biological
D. Humanistic
Learning) | Modules 1–10 Exams & Final Exam (2025)
with Verified Questions & Answers
Module 1: Introduction to Psychology & Research Methods
Q1. Which of the following is a primary goal of psychology?
A. To predict and control behavior
B. To prescribe medication for mental illness
C. To study only abnormal behavior
D. To replace biological explanations with philosophical ones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Psychology aims to describe, explain, predict, and sometimes control behavior
and mental processes.
Q2. A researcher wants to study the effects of sleep deprivation on memory. Participants
are randomly assigned to either a sleep-deprived group or a well-rested group. This is an
example of:
A. Correlational research
B. Experimental research
C. Case study
D. Naturalistic observation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Random assignment and manipulation of the independent variable (sleep) are
hallmarks of experimental research.
Q3. The ______ perspective in psychology focuses on how unconscious drives and conflicts
influence behavior.
A. Behavioral
B. Cognitive
,C. Psychodynamic
D. Humanistic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The psychodynamic perspective, founded by Freud, emphasizes unconscious
processes and early childhood experiences.
Q4. A psychologist uses a detailed analysis of a single individual’s life to understand their
behavior. This method is called a:
A. Survey
B. Experiment
C. Case study
D. Longitudinal study
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A case study involves an in-depth examination of one person or a small group.
Q5. Which ethical principle requires researchers to inform participants about the purpose
and risks of a study before they agree to participate?
A. Debriefing
B. Informed consent
C. Confidentiality
D. Deception
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Informed consent ensures participants are aware of what the study entails
before they agree to take part.
Q6. A negative correlation between two variables means that:
A. As one variable increases, the other also increases
B. As one variable increases, the other decreases
,C. There is no relationship between the variables
D. The variables are caused by a third factor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A negative correlation indicates an inverse relationship between variables.
Q7. NGN-style: A researcher finds that students who spend more time on social media
report higher levels of anxiety. Which of the following conclusions is most justified?
A. Social media causes anxiety
B. Anxiety causes increased social media use
C. There is a relationship between social media use and anxiety
D. Social media should be banned for students
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correlation does not imply causation; the study only shows a relationship, not
the direction or cause.
Q8. Which of the following is NOT a descriptive research method?
A. Survey
B. Experiment
C. Naturalistic observation
D. Case study
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Experiments are used to establish cause-and-effect relationships, not just
describe behavior.
Q9. The placebo effect demonstrates the importance of ______ in research.
A. Random assignment
B. Control groups
C. Participant expectations
, D. Double-blind procedures
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The placebo effect occurs when participants’ expectations influence their
behavior or outcomes.
Q10. A psychologist who studies how people grow and change throughout their lives is most
likely a:
A. Clinical psychologist
B. Developmental psychologist
C. Social psychologist
D. Cognitive psychologist
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Developmental psychologists focus on changes across the lifespan.
Q11. Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable?
A. The amount of caffeine consumed
B. Test performance after consuming caffeine
C. The type of drink given to participants
D. The age of participants
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The dependent variable is the outcome that is measured (test performance).
Q12. The ______ approach in psychology focuses on how people process, store, and retrieve
information.
A. Behavioral
B. Cognitive
C. Biological
D. Humanistic
