Anatomy and Physiology 101
Final Exam Ivy Tech LATEST
2025-2026 WITH QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+
what are the requirements of life? - ANSWERS-water
food
heat
pressure
oxygen
define homeostasis - ANSWERS-maintaining of a stable enviroment
what is a homeostatic mechanism - ANSWERS-monitors aspects of internal
environment and corrects as needed
*negative feedback mechanism
define matter - ANSWERS-anything that takes up space and has mass
element - ANSWERS-composed of chemically identical atoms
atom - ANSWERS-smallest particle of atom, basic unit of matter
what are structure of an atom - ANSWERS-nucleus
protons
neutron
electrons
define nucleus, proton, electron, neutron - ANSWERS-nucleus- central part of atom
proton- positive charge
,electron- negative charge
neutron- no electrical charge
ionic bond - ANSWERS-formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to
another
what are covalent bonds - ANSWERS-when two molecules share electron
hydrogen bond - ANSWERS-formed between water molecule, attraction between
positive end of polar molecule and negative end of another polar molecule
define synthesis, decomposition, and exchange reactions - ANSWERS-Synthesis-
A+B=AB
Decomposition- AB=A+B
exchange- AB+CD=AD+BC
define reactant - ANSWERS-starting materials of reactions
product - ANSWERS-ending material
define catalyst - ANSWERS-a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
what is an acid - ANSWERS-dissociates with water
base - ANSWERS-combines in water
what happens to salts when dissolved in water and what is produced? - ANSWERS-The
salt molecules are "torn apart" by the water, and are reduced to sodium (Na+) and
chlorine (Cl-) ions.
what is the pH scale? what ions are involved in the pH scale? - ANSWERS-pH scale-
indicated the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, H+ and OH-
organic molecule - ANSWERS-contains Carbon and hydrogen and dissolves in water.
inorganic molecule - ANSWERS-does not contain C and H and dissociates with water
What is dehydration synthesis - ANSWERS-taking water out (producing water) to form a
new product. Uses energy
hydrolysis - ANSWERS-separation of two macromolecules by adding water. Releases
energy
what are carbohydrates - ANSWERS-provide energy and cell structure
lipids - ANSWERS-provide energy and cell structure
, proteins - ANSWERS-structural material, enzymes, energy, hormones,
nucleic acids - ANSWERS-store information for protein synthesis, control cell activity
what are amino acids? - ANSWERS-Protein building blocks which are help together by
peptide bonds
what are enzymes? - ANSWERS-a substance produced by a living organism that acts
as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
DNA - ANSWERS-Part of chromosomes and in nucleus. responsible for storing and
transferring genetic information.
RNA - ANSWERS-located in cytoplasm. directly codes for amino acids and as acts as a
messenger between DNA and ribosomes to make proteins
describe cell membrane - ANSWERS-controls what goes in and out of cell, phospholipid
bilayer
nucleus - ANSWERS-control center
cytoplasm - ANSWERS-contains cytosol
cytosol - ANSWERS-aqueous substance
organelles - ANSWERS-organized/specialized structures in cell
Function of Ribosomes - ANSWERS-synthesize protein
ER - ANSWERS-transport system, ribosome attachment, synthesize lipids
Golgi apparatus - ANSWERS-modify, package, deliver protein
mitochondria - ANSWERS-generate energy
Function lysosome - ANSWERS-digest worn out cell parts or unwanted substances
peroxisome - ANSWERS-breakdown organic molecules
centrosome - ANSWERS-produce cilia and flagella, distribute chromosomes during cell
division
Function vesicle - ANSWERS-store, transport or digest cellular products and cellular
waste
Final Exam Ivy Tech LATEST
2025-2026 WITH QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+
what are the requirements of life? - ANSWERS-water
food
heat
pressure
oxygen
define homeostasis - ANSWERS-maintaining of a stable enviroment
what is a homeostatic mechanism - ANSWERS-monitors aspects of internal
environment and corrects as needed
*negative feedback mechanism
define matter - ANSWERS-anything that takes up space and has mass
element - ANSWERS-composed of chemically identical atoms
atom - ANSWERS-smallest particle of atom, basic unit of matter
what are structure of an atom - ANSWERS-nucleus
protons
neutron
electrons
define nucleus, proton, electron, neutron - ANSWERS-nucleus- central part of atom
proton- positive charge
,electron- negative charge
neutron- no electrical charge
ionic bond - ANSWERS-formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to
another
what are covalent bonds - ANSWERS-when two molecules share electron
hydrogen bond - ANSWERS-formed between water molecule, attraction between
positive end of polar molecule and negative end of another polar molecule
define synthesis, decomposition, and exchange reactions - ANSWERS-Synthesis-
A+B=AB
Decomposition- AB=A+B
exchange- AB+CD=AD+BC
define reactant - ANSWERS-starting materials of reactions
product - ANSWERS-ending material
define catalyst - ANSWERS-a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
what is an acid - ANSWERS-dissociates with water
base - ANSWERS-combines in water
what happens to salts when dissolved in water and what is produced? - ANSWERS-The
salt molecules are "torn apart" by the water, and are reduced to sodium (Na+) and
chlorine (Cl-) ions.
what is the pH scale? what ions are involved in the pH scale? - ANSWERS-pH scale-
indicated the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, H+ and OH-
organic molecule - ANSWERS-contains Carbon and hydrogen and dissolves in water.
inorganic molecule - ANSWERS-does not contain C and H and dissociates with water
What is dehydration synthesis - ANSWERS-taking water out (producing water) to form a
new product. Uses energy
hydrolysis - ANSWERS-separation of two macromolecules by adding water. Releases
energy
what are carbohydrates - ANSWERS-provide energy and cell structure
lipids - ANSWERS-provide energy and cell structure
, proteins - ANSWERS-structural material, enzymes, energy, hormones,
nucleic acids - ANSWERS-store information for protein synthesis, control cell activity
what are amino acids? - ANSWERS-Protein building blocks which are help together by
peptide bonds
what are enzymes? - ANSWERS-a substance produced by a living organism that acts
as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
DNA - ANSWERS-Part of chromosomes and in nucleus. responsible for storing and
transferring genetic information.
RNA - ANSWERS-located in cytoplasm. directly codes for amino acids and as acts as a
messenger between DNA and ribosomes to make proteins
describe cell membrane - ANSWERS-controls what goes in and out of cell, phospholipid
bilayer
nucleus - ANSWERS-control center
cytoplasm - ANSWERS-contains cytosol
cytosol - ANSWERS-aqueous substance
organelles - ANSWERS-organized/specialized structures in cell
Function of Ribosomes - ANSWERS-synthesize protein
ER - ANSWERS-transport system, ribosome attachment, synthesize lipids
Golgi apparatus - ANSWERS-modify, package, deliver protein
mitochondria - ANSWERS-generate energy
Function lysosome - ANSWERS-digest worn out cell parts or unwanted substances
peroxisome - ANSWERS-breakdown organic molecules
centrosome - ANSWERS-produce cilia and flagella, distribute chromosomes during cell
division
Function vesicle - ANSWERS-store, transport or digest cellular products and cellular
waste
