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“PRINC. OF MANAGEMENT FINAL EXAM 2025 “ NEWEST UPDATED EXAM 2025 –
2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED 100% GRADED A+ (LATEST
VERSION) WELL REVISED AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDALE| ALREADY PASSED!!
Princ. Of Management Final Exam
Which of the following defines motivation?
It is the abundance or shortage of critical organizational resources in an
organization's external environment.
It is the attractiveness or desirability of a reward or outcome.
It is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their
efforts to accomplish a goal.
It is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings.
It is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to
accomplish a goal.
In the context of motivation, which of the following is a difference between
initiation of effort and direction of effort?
Initiation of effort is concerned with the choices that people make about how
much effort to put forth in their jobs, whereas direction of effort is concerned
with the choices that people make in deciding where to put forth effort in their
jobs.
Initiation of effort is concerned with the choices that people make about how
long they will put forth effort in their jobs before reducing or eliminating those
efforts, whereas direction of effort is concerned with the choices that people
make about how much effort to put forth in their jobs.
Initiation of effort is concerned with the amount of expectation a manager
holds on the efforts that he or she can expect from an employee, whereas
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direction of effort is concerned with the accountability of each action taken by
an employee toward the achievement of set goals.
Initiation of effort is concerned with how much effort an employee puts in
when comparing his or her current job prospects with the other available
opportunities, whereas direction of effort is concerned with the number of job
offers an employee rejects before choosing the one that appears the most
appropriate to him or her.
Initiation of effort is concerned with the choices that people make about how much
effort to put forth in their jobs, whereas direction of effort is concerned with the
choices that people make in deciding where to put forth effort in their jobs.
In the context of motivation, _____ is concerned with the choices that people
make about how long they will put forth effort in their jobs before reducing or
eliminating those efforts.
initiation of effort
persistence of effort
direction of effort
termination of effort
persistence of effort
In industrial psychology, which of the following equations best represents job
performance?
Job Performance = (Instrumentality × Situational Constraints)/(Expectancy ×
Valence)
Job Performance = Motivation/(Ability × Effort)
Job Performance = Instrumentality × Expectancy × Valence
Job Performance = Motivation × Ability × Situational Constraints
Job Performance = Motivation × Ability × Situational Constraints
According to Maslow, which of the following is on the top of the hierarchy of
needs?
Self-actualization needs
Physiological needs
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Self-esteem needs
Safety needs
Self-actualization needs
McClelland stated in his theory that:
people are motivated by their highest unsatisfied need.
people can only be motivated by one need at a time.
needs are learned, not innate.
rewards are tangible, not intangible.
needs are learned, not innate.
In the context of motivation, identify a difference between lower-order needs
and higher-order needs.
Lower-order needs are concerned with belongingness, relatedness, and
affiliation, whereas higher-order needs are concerned with safety.
Unlike higher-order needs, lower-order needs are concerned with influence.
Lower-order needs are concerned with physiological and existence
requirements, whereas higher-order needs are concerned with esteem, self-
actualization, and growth.
Unlike higher-order needs, lower-order needs are concerned with challenges
and accomplishments.
Lower-order needs are concerned with physiological and existence requirements,
whereas higher-order needs are concerned with esteem, self-actualization, and
growth.
Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward?
A sense of accomplishment
A feeling of responsibility
A chance to learn something new
A promotion to a higher position
A promotion to a higher position
Which of the following exemplifies an intrinsic reward?
Richard enjoys his job and sees it as a chance to learn something new.
“PRINC. OF MANAGEMENT FINAL EXAM 2025 “ NEWEST UPDATED EXAM 2025 –
2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED 100% GRADED A+ (LATEST
VERSION) WELL REVISED AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDALE| ALREADY PASSED!!
Princ. Of Management Final Exam
Which of the following defines motivation?
It is the abundance or shortage of critical organizational resources in an
organization's external environment.
It is the attractiveness or desirability of a reward or outcome.
It is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their
efforts to accomplish a goal.
It is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings.
It is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to
accomplish a goal.
In the context of motivation, which of the following is a difference between
initiation of effort and direction of effort?
Initiation of effort is concerned with the choices that people make about how
much effort to put forth in their jobs, whereas direction of effort is concerned
with the choices that people make in deciding where to put forth effort in their
jobs.
Initiation of effort is concerned with the choices that people make about how
long they will put forth effort in their jobs before reducing or eliminating those
efforts, whereas direction of effort is concerned with the choices that people
make about how much effort to put forth in their jobs.
Initiation of effort is concerned with the amount of expectation a manager
holds on the efforts that he or she can expect from an employee, whereas
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direction of effort is concerned with the accountability of each action taken by
an employee toward the achievement of set goals.
Initiation of effort is concerned with how much effort an employee puts in
when comparing his or her current job prospects with the other available
opportunities, whereas direction of effort is concerned with the number of job
offers an employee rejects before choosing the one that appears the most
appropriate to him or her.
Initiation of effort is concerned with the choices that people make about how much
effort to put forth in their jobs, whereas direction of effort is concerned with the
choices that people make in deciding where to put forth effort in their jobs.
In the context of motivation, _____ is concerned with the choices that people
make about how long they will put forth effort in their jobs before reducing or
eliminating those efforts.
initiation of effort
persistence of effort
direction of effort
termination of effort
persistence of effort
In industrial psychology, which of the following equations best represents job
performance?
Job Performance = (Instrumentality × Situational Constraints)/(Expectancy ×
Valence)
Job Performance = Motivation/(Ability × Effort)
Job Performance = Instrumentality × Expectancy × Valence
Job Performance = Motivation × Ability × Situational Constraints
Job Performance = Motivation × Ability × Situational Constraints
According to Maslow, which of the following is on the top of the hierarchy of
needs?
Self-actualization needs
Physiological needs
, Page 3 of 26
Self-esteem needs
Safety needs
Self-actualization needs
McClelland stated in his theory that:
people are motivated by their highest unsatisfied need.
people can only be motivated by one need at a time.
needs are learned, not innate.
rewards are tangible, not intangible.
needs are learned, not innate.
In the context of motivation, identify a difference between lower-order needs
and higher-order needs.
Lower-order needs are concerned with belongingness, relatedness, and
affiliation, whereas higher-order needs are concerned with safety.
Unlike higher-order needs, lower-order needs are concerned with influence.
Lower-order needs are concerned with physiological and existence
requirements, whereas higher-order needs are concerned with esteem, self-
actualization, and growth.
Unlike higher-order needs, lower-order needs are concerned with challenges
and accomplishments.
Lower-order needs are concerned with physiological and existence requirements,
whereas higher-order needs are concerned with esteem, self-actualization, and
growth.
Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward?
A sense of accomplishment
A feeling of responsibility
A chance to learn something new
A promotion to a higher position
A promotion to a higher position
Which of the following exemplifies an intrinsic reward?
Richard enjoys his job and sees it as a chance to learn something new.
