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BYU Cell 220 Exam 3 Newest / BYU Cell 220 Exam 3
Preparation/BYU Cell 220 Exam 3 Practice Exam With
Complete Questions And Correct Answers| Newest
Exam Version!!!
Describe the functions and composition of blood. -
Answer-Functions: Transportation (oxygen and carbon
dioxide, nutrients, hormones, and waste products),
Regulation (absorbs heat and distributes throughout the
body, regulates body pH and fluid levels), defense
(protects from infection, transports infection-fighting
antibodies, forms blood clots)
Composition: Plasma (top layer, 55%), Buffy coat
(leukocytes and platelets, less than 1%), erythrocytes
(44%)
Discuss the composition and functions of plasma. Include
a description of the major plasma proteins and other
plasma constituents. - Answer-Composition: Water (92%),
Proteins (7%, albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, regulatory
proteins), Other solutes (electrolytes, nutrients, respiratory
gases, waste products)
Functions: Helps your body recover from injury, distributes
nutrients, removes waste, helps prevent infection
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Discuss the structural characteristics and functions of
erythrocytes. Describe the life cycle of erythrocytes. -
Answer-Small, biconcave discs (allows gases to be loaded
and unloaded efficiently). Filled with hemoglobin
(transports oxygen and some carbon dioxide). No nucleus
or organelles. They line up in single file and bend as they
pass through blood vessels.
Life cycle: form in red bone marrow, circulated for about
120 days, phagocytized in liver, spleen, and bone marrow,
Most parts are broken down and reusedto make new
erythrocytes, the heme is converted to bilirubin and
secreted as bile by the liver.
Explain the general structure and functions of leukocytes.
Name the cells that are granulocytes and the cells that are
agranulocytes. - Answer-Larger than erythrocytes. Contain
nucleus and organelles. Initiate the immune response and
defend against pathogens. Diapedesis is when WBCs
leave the bloodstream and enter tissues. Chemotaxis is
when WBCs are attracted to a site by damaged cells,
dead cells, or invading pathogens.
Granulocytes: Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil
Agranulocytes: Monocyte, Lymphocyte
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Explain the special functions of the following types of
leukocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils,
lymphocytes, and monocytes. - Answer-Neutrophils:
Phagocytize pathogens
Eosinophil: Destroys parasites, important in allergies
Basophil: Promotes inflammation by releasing histamine
and heparin
Monocyte: exits bloodstream, becomes a macrophage,
phagocytizes pathogens and debris
Lymphocyte: resides in lymphatic tissue, coordinates
immune response, include T cells, B cells, and natural
killer cells.
Describe the structure and function of platelets, how
platelets are formed, and the composition of blood clots. -
Answer-Cell fragments of megakaryocytes, live for 8-10
days, assist in blood clotting. Formed by breaking off of
megakaryocytes
Composition of clots: fibrin (from fibrinogen), platelets,
trapped erythrocytes
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Discuss each of the following clinical issues relating to
blood.
Polycythemia
Anemia
Leukocytosis
Leukopenia
Leukemia
Thrombocytosis
Thrombocytopenia - Answer-Polycythemia: too many
erythrocytes in the blood, increases viscosity of blood,
placing strain on the heart
Anemia: Low levels of erythrocytes or hemoglobin leads to
low blood oxygen levels
Leukocytosis: high WBC count, results from infection,
inflammation, or extreme stress
Leukopenia: Low WBC count, results from certain types of
viral or bacterial infections
Leukemia: cancer in the leukocyte forming cells in the
bone marrrow, proliferation of abnormal leukocytes,
cancer cells take over bone marrow and slow production
of erythrocytes and platelets, causing anemia and
bleeding
BYU Cell 220 Exam 3 Newest / BYU Cell 220 Exam 3
Preparation/BYU Cell 220 Exam 3 Practice Exam With
Complete Questions And Correct Answers| Newest
Exam Version!!!
Describe the functions and composition of blood. -
Answer-Functions: Transportation (oxygen and carbon
dioxide, nutrients, hormones, and waste products),
Regulation (absorbs heat and distributes throughout the
body, regulates body pH and fluid levels), defense
(protects from infection, transports infection-fighting
antibodies, forms blood clots)
Composition: Plasma (top layer, 55%), Buffy coat
(leukocytes and platelets, less than 1%), erythrocytes
(44%)
Discuss the composition and functions of plasma. Include
a description of the major plasma proteins and other
plasma constituents. - Answer-Composition: Water (92%),
Proteins (7%, albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, regulatory
proteins), Other solutes (electrolytes, nutrients, respiratory
gases, waste products)
Functions: Helps your body recover from injury, distributes
nutrients, removes waste, helps prevent infection
,2|Page
Discuss the structural characteristics and functions of
erythrocytes. Describe the life cycle of erythrocytes. -
Answer-Small, biconcave discs (allows gases to be loaded
and unloaded efficiently). Filled with hemoglobin
(transports oxygen and some carbon dioxide). No nucleus
or organelles. They line up in single file and bend as they
pass through blood vessels.
Life cycle: form in red bone marrow, circulated for about
120 days, phagocytized in liver, spleen, and bone marrow,
Most parts are broken down and reusedto make new
erythrocytes, the heme is converted to bilirubin and
secreted as bile by the liver.
Explain the general structure and functions of leukocytes.
Name the cells that are granulocytes and the cells that are
agranulocytes. - Answer-Larger than erythrocytes. Contain
nucleus and organelles. Initiate the immune response and
defend against pathogens. Diapedesis is when WBCs
leave the bloodstream and enter tissues. Chemotaxis is
when WBCs are attracted to a site by damaged cells,
dead cells, or invading pathogens.
Granulocytes: Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil
Agranulocytes: Monocyte, Lymphocyte
,3|Page
Explain the special functions of the following types of
leukocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils,
lymphocytes, and monocytes. - Answer-Neutrophils:
Phagocytize pathogens
Eosinophil: Destroys parasites, important in allergies
Basophil: Promotes inflammation by releasing histamine
and heparin
Monocyte: exits bloodstream, becomes a macrophage,
phagocytizes pathogens and debris
Lymphocyte: resides in lymphatic tissue, coordinates
immune response, include T cells, B cells, and natural
killer cells.
Describe the structure and function of platelets, how
platelets are formed, and the composition of blood clots. -
Answer-Cell fragments of megakaryocytes, live for 8-10
days, assist in blood clotting. Formed by breaking off of
megakaryocytes
Composition of clots: fibrin (from fibrinogen), platelets,
trapped erythrocytes
, 4|Page
Discuss each of the following clinical issues relating to
blood.
Polycythemia
Anemia
Leukocytosis
Leukopenia
Leukemia
Thrombocytosis
Thrombocytopenia - Answer-Polycythemia: too many
erythrocytes in the blood, increases viscosity of blood,
placing strain on the heart
Anemia: Low levels of erythrocytes or hemoglobin leads to
low blood oxygen levels
Leukocytosis: high WBC count, results from infection,
inflammation, or extreme stress
Leukopenia: Low WBC count, results from certain types of
viral or bacterial infections
Leukemia: cancer in the leukocyte forming cells in the
bone marrrow, proliferation of abnormal leukocytes,
cancer cells take over bone marrow and slow production
of erythrocytes and platelets, causing anemia and
bleeding
