ESSENTIALS OF ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)VALERIE C. SCANLON;
TINA SANDERS
TEST BANK
1
Reference: Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Question Stem: A nurse observes that a patient's skin graft
integrates with surrounding tissue because cells within the graft
organize into layers and connect with nearby blood vessels.
Which level of organization best describes the functional
integration enabling oxygen and nutrient delivery to the graft?
Options:
A. Cellular level
B. Tissue level
C. Organ level
D. Organ system level
,Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
• Correct (C): Organ level—an organ (skin graft integrating
with blood vessels) consists of multiple tissues working
together to perform functions like nutrient delivery, which
explains the graft's survival.
• A (cellular): Cellular level refers to individual cells (e.g.,
keratinocytes), not the coordinated structure of tissues
and vessels supporting graft function.
• B (tissue): Tissue level describes groups of similar cells
(e.g., epithelial tissue) but does not capture multiple tissue
types (epithelium + connective + vessels) working together
as an organ.
• D (organ system): Organ system level involves multiple
organs (e.g., integumentary interacting with circulatory),
which is broader than the local graft–vessel integration.
Teaching Point: Organs are composed of multiple tissue
types that perform coordinated functions.
Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference: Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Question Stem: A patient with a myocardial infarction loses
coordinated contraction of a portion of the heart muscle. Which
,explanation best connects the loss of organ function to levels of
organization?
Options:
A. Damage to individual ions disrupts cell membranes.
B. Cardiomyocytes (cells) fail, impairing myocardial tissue,
reducing organ pumping ability.
C. A change in body fluid pH affects whole-body metabolism
only.
D. Failure of the cardiovascular system has no relation to
cellular structure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Myocardial infarction kills cardiomyocytes
(cellular level), which impairs cardiac muscle tissue and
thus the heart (organ) pumping function—showing
hierarchical dependence.
• A: While ion imbalance can affect membranes, the stem
focuses on coordinated contraction loss tied to
cell/tissue/organs, not single ions.
• C: Systemic pH changes affect metabolism broadly but do
not specifically explain local loss of myocardial contractility
after infarction.
• D: Incorrect; organ function depends directly on the
integrity and function of underlying cells and tissues.
Teaching Point: Organ function depends on healthy cells
and tissues within hierarchical organization.
, Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference: Ch. 1 — Metabolism and Homeostasis
Question Stem: A postoperative patient is hypothermic (core
temperature 34°C). The nurse understands that shivering
increases muscle activity to restore temperature. Which
statement best links this response to homeostasis?
Options:
A. Shivering is an example of positive feedback driving
temperature down.
B. Shivering is a negative feedback response that increases heat
production to return temperature toward set point.
C. Shivering is an example of feedforward control that prevents
hypothermia before it occurs.
D. Shivering indicates metabolic failure unrelated to
homeostatic mechanisms.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Shivering increases skeletal muscle activity to
generate heat, a negative-feedback mechanism aimed at
restoring core temperature toward the hypothalamic set
point.
PHYSIOLOGY
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)VALERIE C. SCANLON;
TINA SANDERS
TEST BANK
1
Reference: Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Question Stem: A nurse observes that a patient's skin graft
integrates with surrounding tissue because cells within the graft
organize into layers and connect with nearby blood vessels.
Which level of organization best describes the functional
integration enabling oxygen and nutrient delivery to the graft?
Options:
A. Cellular level
B. Tissue level
C. Organ level
D. Organ system level
,Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
• Correct (C): Organ level—an organ (skin graft integrating
with blood vessels) consists of multiple tissues working
together to perform functions like nutrient delivery, which
explains the graft's survival.
• A (cellular): Cellular level refers to individual cells (e.g.,
keratinocytes), not the coordinated structure of tissues
and vessels supporting graft function.
• B (tissue): Tissue level describes groups of similar cells
(e.g., epithelial tissue) but does not capture multiple tissue
types (epithelium + connective + vessels) working together
as an organ.
• D (organ system): Organ system level involves multiple
organs (e.g., integumentary interacting with circulatory),
which is broader than the local graft–vessel integration.
Teaching Point: Organs are composed of multiple tissue
types that perform coordinated functions.
Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference: Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Question Stem: A patient with a myocardial infarction loses
coordinated contraction of a portion of the heart muscle. Which
,explanation best connects the loss of organ function to levels of
organization?
Options:
A. Damage to individual ions disrupts cell membranes.
B. Cardiomyocytes (cells) fail, impairing myocardial tissue,
reducing organ pumping ability.
C. A change in body fluid pH affects whole-body metabolism
only.
D. Failure of the cardiovascular system has no relation to
cellular structure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Myocardial infarction kills cardiomyocytes
(cellular level), which impairs cardiac muscle tissue and
thus the heart (organ) pumping function—showing
hierarchical dependence.
• A: While ion imbalance can affect membranes, the stem
focuses on coordinated contraction loss tied to
cell/tissue/organs, not single ions.
• C: Systemic pH changes affect metabolism broadly but do
not specifically explain local loss of myocardial contractility
after infarction.
• D: Incorrect; organ function depends directly on the
integrity and function of underlying cells and tissues.
Teaching Point: Organ function depends on healthy cells
and tissues within hierarchical organization.
, Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference: Ch. 1 — Metabolism and Homeostasis
Question Stem: A postoperative patient is hypothermic (core
temperature 34°C). The nurse understands that shivering
increases muscle activity to restore temperature. Which
statement best links this response to homeostasis?
Options:
A. Shivering is an example of positive feedback driving
temperature down.
B. Shivering is a negative feedback response that increases heat
production to return temperature toward set point.
C. Shivering is an example of feedforward control that prevents
hypothermia before it occurs.
D. Shivering indicates metabolic failure unrelated to
homeostatic mechanisms.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Shivering increases skeletal muscle activity to
generate heat, a negative-feedback mechanism aimed at
restoring core temperature toward the hypothalamic set
point.
