LSAT Study Review with Complete Solutions
Cannot be false - def - -Must be true For the reason that - -premise
Cannot be true - opposite - -could be true Given that - -premise
Cannot be false - opposite - -not In that - -premise
necessarily true
Owing to - -premise
Could be false - def - -not necessarily true
Since - -premise
Could be false - opposite - -Must be true
this can be seen by - -premise
Could be true - opposite - -Cannot be true
All - -sufficient
Must be false - def - -cannot be true
Any - -sufficient
Must be false - opposite - -could be true
Every - -sufficient
Must be true - opposite - -not necessarily
true
If in order to - -sufficient
As indicated by - -premise
People who - -sufficient
Because - -premise
When - -sufficient
Due to - -premise
Whenever - -sufficient
For - -premise
Not necessarily true - opposite - -must be
true
For example - -premise
Not necessarily false - def - -could be true
, LSAT Study Review with Complete Solutions
happens then C happens
Not necessarily false - opposite - -cannot
be true It cannot snow unless it is cold. - -If S
happens then C happens
Then - -Necessary
We know it is cold if it is snowing. - -If S
happens then C happens
Only - -Necessary
Sierra goes for a walk if and only if Columbine
Only if - -Necessary goes for a walk. - -Both or us go or neither
of us go
Must - -Necessary
Sara cannot be second unless Trang is first. -
-If S is second then T is first. Or if T is not
Required - -Necessary first then S is not second. (Get rid of the cannot -
arrow through the unless)
Until - -Necessary
Cannot/Unless - -Get rid of the cannot -
arrow through the unless
Except - -Necessary
R→B- -No person who buys the red shirt
Unless - -Necessary does not buy the blue shirt.
If someone buys the red shirt, that person buys
the blue shirt. In other words, buying the blue
Without - -Necessary shirt is a necessary condition for buying the red
shirt.
inconsistent - -2 things that cannot be true Since it is impossible to buy the red shirt without
also buying the blue shirt, buying the blue shirt is
a necessary condition for buying the red shirt. In
consistent - -2 things that CAN be true other words, one can't buy the red shirt without
buying the blue shirt, too.
If it is snowing, then it must be cold. - -If S
happens then C happens. Jameson does not attend the concert unless
Steve does. - -J --> S
It is snowing only if it is cold. - -If S
, LSAT Study Review with Complete Solutions
Most - -51% or more
A is one possible cause, so A must be the only
Most + Most - -Some cause. - -Common Causal Flaw
Some - -1 to everyone Weaken a causal argument - -Provide an
alternate cause
Show that cause and effect are reversed
Some + Some - -some or most Show there is no causal relationship (merely a
coincidence)
On the day after the day - -2 days next to
each other Reading comprehension 4 points - -Cast of
Characters
Author's Opinion
impugn - -Dispute the truth Main Idea
Passage Structure
inculcate - -Instill by persistent instruction
Reading Comprehension pay attention - -
What's interesting
What questions would you ask yourself
petulance - -irritable, peevish, or impatient Any ideas that are compared or contrasted
Predictions
preceding - -come before
unprecedented - -Never done or known
before
Fewer than three - -two or less
immediately/far - -be on the look out
efficacy - -the capacity to produce an effect
some/most - -be on the look out
transgression - -A violation of a law,
command, or duty
~h --> s - -not s --> h can have both but
must have at least one
A occurred before B, so A must have caused B. -
-Common Causal Flaw
h --> ~ s - -s --> not h can have none but
not both
A and B tend to occur together, so A must cause
B. - -Common Causal Flaw
, LSAT Study Review with Complete Solutions
If wrens are in the forest, then so are grosbeaks.
- -W--> G or no G --> no W played a role in - -causal term
If harriers are in the forest, then grosbeaks are product of - -causal term
not. - -H --> no G or G --> no H (not both)
responsible for - -causal term
If jays, martins, or both are in the forest, then so
are harriers. - -J or M --> H or no H --> no
J and no M reason for - -causal term
Wendy appears in every photograph that Selma was a factor in - -causal term
appears in. - -S -> W
Socrates is a man
Raimundo appears in every photograh that All men are mortal - -Socrates is mortal
Yakira does not appear in - -Not Y--> R
No budget committee member serves on the
because of - -causal term planning committee. - -P -->not B
caused by - -causal term Neither giraffes nor bears are on display - -
no giraffes and no bears. Make sure that you are
looking at the NOT ~ conditional.
determined by - -causal term
Some professors at the school teach Spanish.
is an effect of - -causal term Some Spanish teachers have been to Spain. -
-This tells you nothing because you don't
know that the Spanish teachers are from the
induced by - -causal term school.
leads to - -causal term Tautology - -needless repetition of an idea,
statement, or word
promoted by - -causal term
Two types of Conclusions - -Descriptive or
Prescriptive which are either absolute or
produced by - -causal term possible.
Cannot be false - def - -Must be true For the reason that - -premise
Cannot be true - opposite - -could be true Given that - -premise
Cannot be false - opposite - -not In that - -premise
necessarily true
Owing to - -premise
Could be false - def - -not necessarily true
Since - -premise
Could be false - opposite - -Must be true
this can be seen by - -premise
Could be true - opposite - -Cannot be true
All - -sufficient
Must be false - def - -cannot be true
Any - -sufficient
Must be false - opposite - -could be true
Every - -sufficient
Must be true - opposite - -not necessarily
true
If in order to - -sufficient
As indicated by - -premise
People who - -sufficient
Because - -premise
When - -sufficient
Due to - -premise
Whenever - -sufficient
For - -premise
Not necessarily true - opposite - -must be
true
For example - -premise
Not necessarily false - def - -could be true
, LSAT Study Review with Complete Solutions
happens then C happens
Not necessarily false - opposite - -cannot
be true It cannot snow unless it is cold. - -If S
happens then C happens
Then - -Necessary
We know it is cold if it is snowing. - -If S
happens then C happens
Only - -Necessary
Sierra goes for a walk if and only if Columbine
Only if - -Necessary goes for a walk. - -Both or us go or neither
of us go
Must - -Necessary
Sara cannot be second unless Trang is first. -
-If S is second then T is first. Or if T is not
Required - -Necessary first then S is not second. (Get rid of the cannot -
arrow through the unless)
Until - -Necessary
Cannot/Unless - -Get rid of the cannot -
arrow through the unless
Except - -Necessary
R→B- -No person who buys the red shirt
Unless - -Necessary does not buy the blue shirt.
If someone buys the red shirt, that person buys
the blue shirt. In other words, buying the blue
Without - -Necessary shirt is a necessary condition for buying the red
shirt.
inconsistent - -2 things that cannot be true Since it is impossible to buy the red shirt without
also buying the blue shirt, buying the blue shirt is
a necessary condition for buying the red shirt. In
consistent - -2 things that CAN be true other words, one can't buy the red shirt without
buying the blue shirt, too.
If it is snowing, then it must be cold. - -If S
happens then C happens. Jameson does not attend the concert unless
Steve does. - -J --> S
It is snowing only if it is cold. - -If S
, LSAT Study Review with Complete Solutions
Most - -51% or more
A is one possible cause, so A must be the only
Most + Most - -Some cause. - -Common Causal Flaw
Some - -1 to everyone Weaken a causal argument - -Provide an
alternate cause
Show that cause and effect are reversed
Some + Some - -some or most Show there is no causal relationship (merely a
coincidence)
On the day after the day - -2 days next to
each other Reading comprehension 4 points - -Cast of
Characters
Author's Opinion
impugn - -Dispute the truth Main Idea
Passage Structure
inculcate - -Instill by persistent instruction
Reading Comprehension pay attention - -
What's interesting
What questions would you ask yourself
petulance - -irritable, peevish, or impatient Any ideas that are compared or contrasted
Predictions
preceding - -come before
unprecedented - -Never done or known
before
Fewer than three - -two or less
immediately/far - -be on the look out
efficacy - -the capacity to produce an effect
some/most - -be on the look out
transgression - -A violation of a law,
command, or duty
~h --> s - -not s --> h can have both but
must have at least one
A occurred before B, so A must have caused B. -
-Common Causal Flaw
h --> ~ s - -s --> not h can have none but
not both
A and B tend to occur together, so A must cause
B. - -Common Causal Flaw
, LSAT Study Review with Complete Solutions
If wrens are in the forest, then so are grosbeaks.
- -W--> G or no G --> no W played a role in - -causal term
If harriers are in the forest, then grosbeaks are product of - -causal term
not. - -H --> no G or G --> no H (not both)
responsible for - -causal term
If jays, martins, or both are in the forest, then so
are harriers. - -J or M --> H or no H --> no
J and no M reason for - -causal term
Wendy appears in every photograph that Selma was a factor in - -causal term
appears in. - -S -> W
Socrates is a man
Raimundo appears in every photograh that All men are mortal - -Socrates is mortal
Yakira does not appear in - -Not Y--> R
No budget committee member serves on the
because of - -causal term planning committee. - -P -->not B
caused by - -causal term Neither giraffes nor bears are on display - -
no giraffes and no bears. Make sure that you are
looking at the NOT ~ conditional.
determined by - -causal term
Some professors at the school teach Spanish.
is an effect of - -causal term Some Spanish teachers have been to Spain. -
-This tells you nothing because you don't
know that the Spanish teachers are from the
induced by - -causal term school.
leads to - -causal term Tautology - -needless repetition of an idea,
statement, or word
promoted by - -causal term
Two types of Conclusions - -Descriptive or
Prescriptive which are either absolute or
produced by - -causal term possible.
