Test bank for Rubin s pathology clinicopathologic foundations of medicine 7th edition by David S. Strayer, Emanuel Rubin Course

TESTBANK
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,Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
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Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result of:
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1.
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
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B) improved intracellular volume regulation. o o o




C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. o o o o o




D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates. o o o o o




The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
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2. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
o o oftheremaininglivercells.
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A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy o




C) compensatory hyperplasia o




o o D) physiologic hypertrophy o




A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially
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cleared, but he remains hypoxic until hereaches the hospital. Theprolonged cell hypoxia
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3. caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
o o o in the brain. o o o o o o




A) caspase activation o




B) coagulation necrosis o




C) rapid phagocytosis o




D) protein p53 deficiency o o




Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
o o o o o o o , which is unique fromtheintracellular
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4. damage caused by other injurious agents.
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A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump o o o o




B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes o o o




o o C) replicating and producing continued injury o o o o




D) decreasing protein synthesis and function o o o o




The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypoxic cell
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5. injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
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A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. o o o o o




B) altering the immune response of the cell. o o o o o o




C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. o o o o o




D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. o o o o




6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
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A) increased fat load. o o

, B) altered permeability. o




C) altered glucose utilization. o o




D) increased surface receptors. o o




7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
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A) stimulus overload. o




B) genetic mutations. o




C) chemical messengers. o




D) mitochondrial DNA. o




8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
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A) increased cell protein synthesis. o o o




B) altered cell volume regulation. o o o




C) passive entry of potassium into the cell. o o o o o o




D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
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Adiabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on a
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piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic cell
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9. death is characterized by:
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A) rapid apoptosis. o




B) cellular rupture. o




C) shrinkage and collapse. o o




D) chronic inflammation. o




A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of
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10. theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
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A) changes with genetic influences. o o o




B) elimination of cell receptor sites. o o o o




C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. o o




o o D) DNA mutation or faulty repair. o o o o




An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina
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during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of
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the following phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function that
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11. underlies her reduced mobility?
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A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia o o o o o o




B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling o o o o o o o o




C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
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D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest o o o o o o o o

, A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled
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Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples
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12. for evidence of:
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A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. o o o o o o




B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
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o o C) ischemic changes in cell samples. o o o o




D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. o o o o o o o o




Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
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o o 13. calcification?
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A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia o o




B) Liver cirrhosis o




C) Impaired glycogen metabolism o o




D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
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technician is aware ofthe need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary
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14. rationale for the technicians precautions?
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A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. o o o o o o




B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
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C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis. o o o o o o




D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells. o o o o o o o o




The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing
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and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the
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15. following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
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o o A) White blood cell levels with differential o o o o o




B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
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C) Urea and creatinine levels
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D) Liver function panel o o




A 70-year-old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent
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hemorrhagic stroke that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits are
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16. most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
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A) Free radical injury o o




B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion o o o




C) Interference with DNA synthesis o o o




D) Impaired calcium homeostasis o o