FISDAP CARDIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE UPDATED EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Pulses felt near the trunk of the body are called: - ✔✔Central pulses
✔✔Decrease in blood flow to the heart is called: - ✔✔ischemia
✔✔Disorder in which calcium an cholesterol build up and form a plaque inside the walls
of the blood vessels is called: - ✔✔Athersclerosis
✔✔Occlusion: - ✔✔Complete blockage of an artery
✔✔A blood clot that floats through blood vessels until it reaches an area too narrow to
pass, causing it to stop and block blood flow is called: - ✔✔Thromboembolism
✔✔If a blockage occurs in a coronary artery, the condition is known as: - ✔✔Acute
myocardial infarction (AMI)
✔✔Acute Coronary Syndrome is a group of symptoms caused by: - ✔✔MI
✔✔ACS can be caused by: - ✔✔1. Angina pectoris
2. Acute myocardial infarction
✔✔Angina is most often a symptom of: - ✔✔Athersclerotic coronary artery disease
✔✔Angina occurs when: - ✔✔The heart's need for oxygen exceeds the supply
✔✔Signs and symptoms of angina: - ✔✔-crushing, squeezing, "like somebody standing
on their chest"
-Usually felt in midportion of chest under sternum, can radiate to jaw, back, or
epigastrum
-Pain goes away after 3-8 min
-Associated with SOB, nausea, vomiting
✔✔Stable angina can be relieved with: - ✔✔rest, NTG, supplemental oxygen
✔✔Unstable angina is characterized by: - ✔✔pain in the chest of coronary origin that
stays regardless of rest/NTG/O2
✔✔Signs and symptoms of AMI: - ✔✔-sudden onset of weakness, nausea, sweating
-chest pain, discomfort, or pressure that is either crushing or squeezing and doesn't
change with each breath
-Pain, discomfort, pressure in lower jaw, arms, back, abdomen, neck
-irregular HR
, -Syncope
✔✔Dysrythmia: - ✔✔Abnormal heart rhythm
✔✔Tachycardia: - ✔✔HR of greater than 100 BPM
✔✔Bradycardia: - ✔✔HR of less than 60 BPM
✔✔Rapid heart rhythm, usually at a rate of 150-200BPM. - ✔✔Ventricular tachycardia
✔✔Disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles. - ✔✔Ventricular defibrillation
✔✔If a defibrillator is not immediately available for a patient in ventricular fibrillation, you
should: - ✔✔Initiate CPR until an AED arrives
✔✔If uncorrected, unstable VT or VF will lead to: - ✔✔Asystole
✔✔A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood,
usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of
fluid in the lungs/body. - ✔✔Congestive heart failure
✔✔Signs and symptoms of CHF: - ✔✔-JVD (right side)
-Dependent edema (right side)
-Use of accessory muscles (left side)
High BP, rapid HR, rapid RR
-Fluid in the lungs (crackles) (left side)
✔✔One of the most common signs of a hypertensive emergency: - ✔✔Sudden, severe
headache
✔✔Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency: - ✔✔-strong, bounding pulse
-ringing in the ears
-nausea/vomiting
-dizziness
✔✔Untreated hypertensive emergencies can lead to: - ✔✔stroke or dissecting aortic
aneurysm
✔✔A weakness in the wall of the aorta: - ✔✔Aortic aneurysm
✔✔Occurs when the inner layers of the aorta become separated, allowing blood to flow
between the layers. - ✔✔Dissecting aortic aneurysm
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Pulses felt near the trunk of the body are called: - ✔✔Central pulses
✔✔Decrease in blood flow to the heart is called: - ✔✔ischemia
✔✔Disorder in which calcium an cholesterol build up and form a plaque inside the walls
of the blood vessels is called: - ✔✔Athersclerosis
✔✔Occlusion: - ✔✔Complete blockage of an artery
✔✔A blood clot that floats through blood vessels until it reaches an area too narrow to
pass, causing it to stop and block blood flow is called: - ✔✔Thromboembolism
✔✔If a blockage occurs in a coronary artery, the condition is known as: - ✔✔Acute
myocardial infarction (AMI)
✔✔Acute Coronary Syndrome is a group of symptoms caused by: - ✔✔MI
✔✔ACS can be caused by: - ✔✔1. Angina pectoris
2. Acute myocardial infarction
✔✔Angina is most often a symptom of: - ✔✔Athersclerotic coronary artery disease
✔✔Angina occurs when: - ✔✔The heart's need for oxygen exceeds the supply
✔✔Signs and symptoms of angina: - ✔✔-crushing, squeezing, "like somebody standing
on their chest"
-Usually felt in midportion of chest under sternum, can radiate to jaw, back, or
epigastrum
-Pain goes away after 3-8 min
-Associated with SOB, nausea, vomiting
✔✔Stable angina can be relieved with: - ✔✔rest, NTG, supplemental oxygen
✔✔Unstable angina is characterized by: - ✔✔pain in the chest of coronary origin that
stays regardless of rest/NTG/O2
✔✔Signs and symptoms of AMI: - ✔✔-sudden onset of weakness, nausea, sweating
-chest pain, discomfort, or pressure that is either crushing or squeezing and doesn't
change with each breath
-Pain, discomfort, pressure in lower jaw, arms, back, abdomen, neck
-irregular HR
, -Syncope
✔✔Dysrythmia: - ✔✔Abnormal heart rhythm
✔✔Tachycardia: - ✔✔HR of greater than 100 BPM
✔✔Bradycardia: - ✔✔HR of less than 60 BPM
✔✔Rapid heart rhythm, usually at a rate of 150-200BPM. - ✔✔Ventricular tachycardia
✔✔Disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles. - ✔✔Ventricular defibrillation
✔✔If a defibrillator is not immediately available for a patient in ventricular fibrillation, you
should: - ✔✔Initiate CPR until an AED arrives
✔✔If uncorrected, unstable VT or VF will lead to: - ✔✔Asystole
✔✔A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood,
usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of
fluid in the lungs/body. - ✔✔Congestive heart failure
✔✔Signs and symptoms of CHF: - ✔✔-JVD (right side)
-Dependent edema (right side)
-Use of accessory muscles (left side)
High BP, rapid HR, rapid RR
-Fluid in the lungs (crackles) (left side)
✔✔One of the most common signs of a hypertensive emergency: - ✔✔Sudden, severe
headache
✔✔Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency: - ✔✔-strong, bounding pulse
-ringing in the ears
-nausea/vomiting
-dizziness
✔✔Untreated hypertensive emergencies can lead to: - ✔✔stroke or dissecting aortic
aneurysm
✔✔A weakness in the wall of the aorta: - ✔✔Aortic aneurysm
✔✔Occurs when the inner layers of the aorta become separated, allowing blood to flow
between the layers. - ✔✔Dissecting aortic aneurysm
