IGCSE ICT 2025-2026 LATEST UPDATED
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Processor (CPU) - answer-The brain of the computer. It controls everything that the computer
does and processes the data, moving it in and out of the memory.
Random Access Memory (RAM) - answer-It stores the information currently in use, which is
constantly changing.
A fast, volatile memory since when the computer is turned off the data is lost. The more RAM
you have the faster your computer works.
Read Only Memory (ROM) - answer-Used to store instructions for the computer to work. The
information cant be changed and when the computer is turned off, it wont be lost. The data can
be accessed very fast.
Hardware - answer-The physical components of a computer system.
Internal Hardware Devices - answer-Processor (CPU)
Motherboard
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Video and Sound Card
Internal Hard Disk Drive
,Motherboard - answer-Central component of any computer system through which every other
component communicates. Components are plugged into it directly or indirectly.
Video Card - answer-Allows images to be displayed on the monitor. Along with its installation,
software is installed so it tells the computer how to use it.
Sound Card - answer-Allows the computer to produce and input sounds to and from the
computer by turning analogue data into digital and vice versa.
Internal Hard Disk Drive - answer-Stores data that is not instantly needed for an indefinite time.
It also stores programmes and is used commonly to back up data.
External Hardware - answer-Inputs
Outputs
Peripherals
Disadvantages of CLI - answer-1. User must remember complex commands.
2. Lots of typing involved.
3. High chance of errors.
Graphical User Interface (GUI) - answer-The user points at and clicks objects on a screen with a
mouse.
It is easy to use but needs a large amount of RAM and disk space.
It uses Windows, Icons, Menus,and Pointers (WIMP)
,Advantages of GUI - answer-1. Quick and easy to enter commands.
2. Less chance of errors.
Disadvantages of GUI - answer-1. Smaller range of commands can be used.
2. Uses more computer power.
Types of Computers - answer-1. Personal Computers
2. Laptops
3. Tablet Computer
4. Smart Phones
Personal Computers - answer-Found in schools, at home or offices.
They are made of input, output and storage devices grouped in a base unit.
Standalone PC - answer-They are used by one at a time and can function without being
connected to other PCs.
Networked PC - answer-They are connected to other computers in a network in order to share
resources and data.
Laptops - answer-Portable computers with LCD screens that are small enough to sit on your lap.
They can be used as standalone and be taken to different places thanks to the built in battery or
as networked with the same purpose as Networked PCs.
Advantages of PCs compared to a laptop - answer-1. Better components for the same price.
2. Cheaper because components are easier to make.
3. Larger keyboard, easy to use.
, 4. Design allows heat to escape.
Disadvantages of PCs compared to a laptop - answer-1. Large and bulky, not portable.
2. Need a constant power supply.
3. You cant work with them in different locations and need to copy files to work somewhere
else.
Advantages of Laptops over PCs - answer-1. Smaller and lighter, portable.
2. Components use low battery.
3. Reachargeable battery.
4. Usually have built in WiFi to access the internet.
5. No need to transfer files to work with them somewhere else.
Input Devices - answer-Used to get data into the computer system.
They are manual or automatic.
Output Devices - answer-Used to transfer data out of the computer system. They are temporary
or permanent.
Peripheral Devices - answer-Non-essential hardware that connect to the computer externally.
Software - answer-Programmes used for controlling the operation of a computer or processing
of electronic data.
(Applications S. and System S)
Applications Software - answer-Software used in particular situations, which can be used either
in general purpose or in one particular situation.
i.e. Word processing, spreadsheet, data manipulation...
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Processor (CPU) - answer-The brain of the computer. It controls everything that the computer
does and processes the data, moving it in and out of the memory.
Random Access Memory (RAM) - answer-It stores the information currently in use, which is
constantly changing.
A fast, volatile memory since when the computer is turned off the data is lost. The more RAM
you have the faster your computer works.
Read Only Memory (ROM) - answer-Used to store instructions for the computer to work. The
information cant be changed and when the computer is turned off, it wont be lost. The data can
be accessed very fast.
Hardware - answer-The physical components of a computer system.
Internal Hardware Devices - answer-Processor (CPU)
Motherboard
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Video and Sound Card
Internal Hard Disk Drive
,Motherboard - answer-Central component of any computer system through which every other
component communicates. Components are plugged into it directly or indirectly.
Video Card - answer-Allows images to be displayed on the monitor. Along with its installation,
software is installed so it tells the computer how to use it.
Sound Card - answer-Allows the computer to produce and input sounds to and from the
computer by turning analogue data into digital and vice versa.
Internal Hard Disk Drive - answer-Stores data that is not instantly needed for an indefinite time.
It also stores programmes and is used commonly to back up data.
External Hardware - answer-Inputs
Outputs
Peripherals
Disadvantages of CLI - answer-1. User must remember complex commands.
2. Lots of typing involved.
3. High chance of errors.
Graphical User Interface (GUI) - answer-The user points at and clicks objects on a screen with a
mouse.
It is easy to use but needs a large amount of RAM and disk space.
It uses Windows, Icons, Menus,and Pointers (WIMP)
,Advantages of GUI - answer-1. Quick and easy to enter commands.
2. Less chance of errors.
Disadvantages of GUI - answer-1. Smaller range of commands can be used.
2. Uses more computer power.
Types of Computers - answer-1. Personal Computers
2. Laptops
3. Tablet Computer
4. Smart Phones
Personal Computers - answer-Found in schools, at home or offices.
They are made of input, output and storage devices grouped in a base unit.
Standalone PC - answer-They are used by one at a time and can function without being
connected to other PCs.
Networked PC - answer-They are connected to other computers in a network in order to share
resources and data.
Laptops - answer-Portable computers with LCD screens that are small enough to sit on your lap.
They can be used as standalone and be taken to different places thanks to the built in battery or
as networked with the same purpose as Networked PCs.
Advantages of PCs compared to a laptop - answer-1. Better components for the same price.
2. Cheaper because components are easier to make.
3. Larger keyboard, easy to use.
, 4. Design allows heat to escape.
Disadvantages of PCs compared to a laptop - answer-1. Large and bulky, not portable.
2. Need a constant power supply.
3. You cant work with them in different locations and need to copy files to work somewhere
else.
Advantages of Laptops over PCs - answer-1. Smaller and lighter, portable.
2. Components use low battery.
3. Reachargeable battery.
4. Usually have built in WiFi to access the internet.
5. No need to transfer files to work with them somewhere else.
Input Devices - answer-Used to get data into the computer system.
They are manual or automatic.
Output Devices - answer-Used to transfer data out of the computer system. They are temporary
or permanent.
Peripheral Devices - answer-Non-essential hardware that connect to the computer externally.
Software - answer-Programmes used for controlling the operation of a computer or processing
of electronic data.
(Applications S. and System S)
Applications Software - answer-Software used in particular situations, which can be used either
in general purpose or in one particular situation.
i.e. Word processing, spreadsheet, data manipulation...
