TEST BANK FOR Pilbeam's Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological and Clinical Applications 8th Edition by Jimmy M. Cairo ISBN:978-0323871648 ALL CHAPTERS COVERED YOUR ULTIMATE GUIDE 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!!! NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!!!!

MULTIPLE CHOIC HN


E

1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is known as whi
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ch of the following?
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a. External respiration HN


b. Internal respiration HN


c. Spontaneous ventilation HN


d. Mechanical ventilation HN




ANS: H N C
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilation. Since the quest
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ion asks for the body’s mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation. External res
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piration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the
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alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level an
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d involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
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, REF: HNHN pg. 2 HN




2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
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a. Red blood cells and body cells
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b. Scalenes and trapezius musclesHN HN HN


c. Alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
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d. External oblique and transverse abdominal muscles
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ANS: H N C
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) between
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Nthe alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular lev
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el and involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells. Scalene a
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nd trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration. External oblique and transver
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se abdominal muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
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REF: HNHN pg. 2 HN




3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during normal spontaneous breath
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ing is depicted by which of the following?
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a.

, b.




c.




d.




ANS: H N B
During spontaneous breathing, the intrapleural pressure drops from about 5 cm H2O at e
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nd- expiration to about 10 cm H2O at end-
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inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that change from 5 cm H2O to
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10 cm H2O.
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REF: HNHN pg. 3 HN




4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
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a. 1 cm H2O HN HN


b. +1 cm H2O
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c. 0 cm H2O HN HN


d. 5 cm H2O HN HN




ANS: H N A
1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during normal spontaneous ven
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tilation. During the exhalation of a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar pressure will
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Nbecome 1 cm H2O. HN HN HN




REF: HNHN pg. 4 HN




5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as which of the following
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?
a. Transairway pressure (PTA) HN HN


b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) HN HN


c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) HN HN


d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL) HN HN




ANS: H N D

, The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure required to maintain alve
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olar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA) is the pressure gradient required to produce air
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flow in the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure to inflate t
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he lungs and airways during positive-
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pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents the pressure required to exp
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and or contract the lungs and the chest wall at the same time.
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REF: HNHN pg. 4 HN




6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance during positive-
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pressure ventilation when the proximal airway pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the a
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lveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
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a. 7 cm H2O HN HN


b. 30 cm H2O HN HN


c. 40 cm H2O HN HN


d. 175 cm H2O HN HN




ANS: H N B
The transairway pressure (PTA) is used to calculate the pressure required to overcome air
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way resistance during mechanical ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw - PA.
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REF: HNHN pg. 4 HN




7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return to its original form af
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ter being stretched or acted on by an outside force is which of the following?
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a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance HN


d. Distending pressure HN




ANS: H N A
The elastance of a structure is the tendency of that structure to return to its original sh
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ape after being stretched. The more elastance a structure has, the more difficult it is to
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stretch. The compliance of a structure is the ease with which the structure distends or
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stretches.
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Compliance is the opposite of elastance. Viscous resistance is the opposition to move
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ment offered by adjacent structures such as the lungs and their adjacent organs. Distend
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ing pressure is pressure required to maintain inflation, for example, alveolar distending
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Npressure.

REF: HNHN pg. 5 HN




8. Calculate the pressure required to achieve a tidal volume of 400 mL for an intubated
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HN patient with a respiratory system compliance of 15 mL/cm H2O.
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a. 6 cm H2O
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b. 26.7 cm H2O HN HN


c. 37.5 cm H2O HN HN


d. 41.5 cm H2O HN HN




ANS: H N B
C =
HN HN V/ P then HN HN P = HN HN V/ C

REF: HNHN pg. 5 HN