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The effects of ICT on working patterns within organisations –
ANSWERS The use of computers has led to a number of
employees changing their working hours.
1. Employees can access their office desktop from a different
location.
2. Employees can log into an intranet to communicate and
access share resources with other staff.
3. Employees can check their emails or have web conferences
with peers.
4. Phone calls and emails can be diverted to personal
smartphone from office accounts.
All of this has lead to a wider range of working patterns like
part-time working, flexible hours, job sharing and compressed
hours.
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,Full Time Working - ANSWERSEmployees normally work over 5
full days and complete between 35-40 hours a week working
from 9 to 4/5.
Compressed Hours - ANSWERSEmployees work full time hours
but the total amount of hours are completed over less days.
They will work more hours per day to have less days of work.
Part Time Working - ANSWERSEmployees who work less hours
over a week than a full time employee. They can work outside
of the traditional hours of work (evenings and weekends).
Job Sharing - ANSWERSWhere the hours of a full time job are
divided between two part time employees. Both employees
have the same responsibilities but they work at different hours.
Flexible Hours - ANSWERSThe employees can control the hours
that they work following a set of rules input by the employer.
They are given flexibility to decide where they start and end the
working day and when they take breaks.
Employees can also accumulate extra hours worked in to have a
day off.
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,Positive Effects of microprocessor controlled devices at home -
ANSWERS1. The devices doing many things for yyou increase
your leisure time which you can use to stay fit, relax, do work
related tasks...
2. Devices can have an effect on social interaction: you can easily find people with the
same interests as you, cheaply talk with friends that are far away, easily spread the news
of social events and it also helps disabled people to interact if they cant leave the home.
3. You dont need to leave the house to stay entertained so
even though there's bad weather or you are disabled you can
do something fun, you can also complete day-to-day tasks even
if you are sick or cant leave the home.
Negative effects of microprocessor controlled devices -
ANSWERS1. When devices do everything for you, you can
become lazy and at the same time we can become unfit
because we arent doing as much hard manual work than
before.
2. Because there's no need to leave the house to interact with
others or be entertained, social isolation and decreased fitness
(=obesity) are developing.
Potential Health Problems related to ICT - ANSWERS1.
Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)
2. Back and neck problems
3. Headaches and Eyestrain
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, RSI - ANSWERSIt is the painful swelling of the joints caused by
repetitive clicking of the mouse and continual typing.
It is prevented by using a wrist support when typing, taking
breaks to rest your hands and using ergonomic keyboards and
mouse.
Back Problems - ANSWERSThey are caused by a poor posture
when sitting, working in a cramped space and incorrect
positioning of the computer screen.
They are prevented by taking breaks to stretch, using
ergonomic adjustable chairs and tilting the computer screen
just below eye level.
Headaches and Eyestrain - ANSWERSCaused from staring at a
screen continuously and having bad lightning in the room.
To prevent them use anti glare filter to reduce the reflection
that tires the eyes and use LCD screens instead of CRT to
reduce the amount of flickering.
Use of ICT equipment to minimise health risks - ANSWERS1.
Ergonomic chairs are adjustable to the needs of the user.
2. Ergonomic designed work stations.
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