TEST BANK Massage Therapy 7/E Susan Salvo a a a a a a
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
a a a a a a a a a a a a
Societies, Organizations, and Associations.
a a a a
MULTIPLE CHOICE a
1. Which method is defined as manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes?
a a a a
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity therapy a
d. Massage therapy a
ANS: D a
Massage therapy the manipulation of soft tissue using compression and
a a a a a a a a a
decompression/traction for clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes or for wellness and
a a a a a a a a a a a
self-care purposes.
a a
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
a a a a a a a
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: B a
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit makeh,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
and the French masser.
a a a a
3. When was the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
a a a a a a a a a a a a
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: C a
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures. Historically,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or rubbing.
a a a a a a a a a a a a
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BCE in which country?
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: B a
Written records regarding the practice of massage go back to 3000 BCE in China. Acupuncture
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BCE.
a a a a a a a a a
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
, a. Tao Te Ching a a
b. Nei Ching a
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum a
ANS: B a
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the Yellow
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Emperor (died in 2599 BCE) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BCE, and this work contains
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
a a a a a a a a a a
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a therapies?
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: D a
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
therapies, manual and energetic.
a a a a
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
a a a a a a a
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: A a
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China, and massage became
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical texts, the Ayurveda books of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
wisdom (about 1800 BCE) and recommend massage as an indispensable healing procedure.
a a a a a a a a a a a a
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses pressure applied from
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a the practitioner’s thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
a a a a a a a a a
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: B a
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as acupuncture
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
—energy flows in the body through streams called channels or meridians.
a a a a a a a a a a a
Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu a a a a a a a a a a a a
practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, elbows, and even their knees and feet.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
a a a a a a a a a a
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: D a
Hippocrates was known to be a fine physician, founder of a medical school, author of numerous
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
books, and advocated the use of massage or “rubbing.” These works are collectively known as the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known about disease and medicine in
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
and he believed that physicians should avoid causing harm to patients.
a a a a a a a a a a a
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a East and the West?
a a a
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: C a
A text entitled
a a or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest a a a a a a a a a a a a
Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The Canon of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East and the West.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: A a
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
a a a a a a a a a a a a
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He used friction to treat dislocated joints
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
and other orthopedic conditions.
a a a a
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscular
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
contraction of the heart?
a a a a
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: C a
English scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628, and
a a a a a a a a a a a a
his writings did much to promote the acceptance of massage as a treatment measure.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Harvey observed the hearts of living animals and determined that active phase of the heart muscular
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
contraction (systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins.
a a a a a a a a
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
a a a a a a a a a a a
a. Johann Mezger a
b. Pehr H. Ling a a
c. George Henry Taylor a a
, d. John Harvey Kellogg a a
ANS: B a
Pehr Henrik Ling (1776 to 1839) developed his own system of massage and exercises or gymnastics,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
the latter of which consisted of four types—educational, military, medical, and esthetic. This system
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
was called the Swedish Remedial Massage and Exercise, the Swedish Movement Cure, or simply the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Ling system.
a a
14. Which term describes a component of the Ling System?
a a a a a a a a
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thai massage a
d. Swedish massage a
ANS: D a
The term Swedish massage was used to describe the massage component of Ling’s system. For
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
this reason, Ling is regarded as the father of Swedish massage.
a a a a a a a a a a a
15. Which individual is credited with having introduced French terms still in use to describe
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a massage techniques? a
a. Johann Mezger a
b. William Harvey a
c. Pehr H. Ling a a
d. Charles Taylor a
ANS: A a
French was the international language in the nineteenth century. The Dutch physician Johann Mezger
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
(1838 to 909) is credited with having introduced the French terminology still used to describe massage
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
techniques (e.g., effleurage, pétrissage, tapotement) which is still used in massage legislation, medical
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
insurance billing codes, and massage curricula.
a a a a a a
16. Who is the founder of modern nursing, which included massage as part of care?
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a. Tiffany Field a
b. Florence Nightingale a
c. Charles Fayette Taylor a a
d. John Harvey Kellogg a a
ANS: B a
Florence Nightingale (1829 to 1910) of England, founder of modern nursing, took care of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
wounded soldiers during the Crimean War (1853 to 1856). She developed a standard of care for
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
patients, and massage was an integral part of care. When nurse training was developed, massage
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
was included in the curriculum and massage was provided to patients as part of their comfort
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
measures.
a
17. French physician Lucas-Championniere used massage and exercise to treat soldiers injured
a a a a a a a a a a
during which event?
a a a
a. World War I a a
b. World War II a a
c. Civil War a
d. Viet Nam War a a
ANS: A a
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
a a a a a a a a a a a a
Societies, Organizations, and Associations.
a a a a
MULTIPLE CHOICE a
1. Which method is defined as manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes?
a a a a
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity therapy a
d. Massage therapy a
ANS: D a
Massage therapy the manipulation of soft tissue using compression and
a a a a a a a a a
decompression/traction for clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes or for wellness and
a a a a a a a a a a a
self-care purposes.
a a
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
a a a a a a a
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: B a
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit makeh,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
and the French masser.
a a a a
3. When was the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
a a a a a a a a a a a a
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: C a
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures. Historically,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or rubbing.
a a a a a a a a a a a a
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BCE in which country?
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: B a
Written records regarding the practice of massage go back to 3000 BCE in China. Acupuncture
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BCE.
a a a a a a a a a
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
, a. Tao Te Ching a a
b. Nei Ching a
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum a
ANS: B a
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the Yellow
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Emperor (died in 2599 BCE) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BCE, and this work contains
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
a a a a a a a a a a
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a therapies?
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: D a
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
therapies, manual and energetic.
a a a a
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
a a a a a a a
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: A a
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China, and massage became
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical texts, the Ayurveda books of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
wisdom (about 1800 BCE) and recommend massage as an indispensable healing procedure.
a a a a a a a a a a a a
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses pressure applied from
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a the practitioner’s thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
a a a a a a a a a
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: B a
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as acupuncture
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
—energy flows in the body through streams called channels or meridians.
a a a a a a a a a a a
Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu a a a a a a a a a a a a
practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, elbows, and even their knees and feet.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
a a a a a a a a a a
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: D a
Hippocrates was known to be a fine physician, founder of a medical school, author of numerous
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
books, and advocated the use of massage or “rubbing.” These works are collectively known as the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known about disease and medicine in
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
and he believed that physicians should avoid causing harm to patients.
a a a a a a a a a a a
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a East and the West?
a a a
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: C a
A text entitled
a a or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest a a a a a a a a a a a a
Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The Canon of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East and the West.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: A a
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
a a a a a a a a a a a a
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He used friction to treat dislocated joints
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
and other orthopedic conditions.
a a a a
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscular
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
contraction of the heart?
a a a a
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: C a
English scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628, and
a a a a a a a a a a a a
his writings did much to promote the acceptance of massage as a treatment measure.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Harvey observed the hearts of living animals and determined that active phase of the heart muscular
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
contraction (systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins.
a a a a a a a a
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
a a a a a a a a a a a
a. Johann Mezger a
b. Pehr H. Ling a a
c. George Henry Taylor a a
, d. John Harvey Kellogg a a
ANS: B a
Pehr Henrik Ling (1776 to 1839) developed his own system of massage and exercises or gymnastics,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
the latter of which consisted of four types—educational, military, medical, and esthetic. This system
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
was called the Swedish Remedial Massage and Exercise, the Swedish Movement Cure, or simply the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Ling system.
a a
14. Which term describes a component of the Ling System?
a a a a a a a a
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thai massage a
d. Swedish massage a
ANS: D a
The term Swedish massage was used to describe the massage component of Ling’s system. For
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
this reason, Ling is regarded as the father of Swedish massage.
a a a a a a a a a a a
15. Which individual is credited with having introduced French terms still in use to describe
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a massage techniques? a
a. Johann Mezger a
b. William Harvey a
c. Pehr H. Ling a a
d. Charles Taylor a
ANS: A a
French was the international language in the nineteenth century. The Dutch physician Johann Mezger
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
(1838 to 909) is credited with having introduced the French terminology still used to describe massage
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
techniques (e.g., effleurage, pétrissage, tapotement) which is still used in massage legislation, medical
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
insurance billing codes, and massage curricula.
a a a a a a
16. Who is the founder of modern nursing, which included massage as part of care?
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a. Tiffany Field a
b. Florence Nightingale a
c. Charles Fayette Taylor a a
d. John Harvey Kellogg a a
ANS: B a
Florence Nightingale (1829 to 1910) of England, founder of modern nursing, took care of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
wounded soldiers during the Crimean War (1853 to 1856). She developed a standard of care for
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
patients, and massage was an integral part of care. When nurse training was developed, massage
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
was included in the curriculum and massage was provided to patients as part of their comfort
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
measures.
a
17. French physician Lucas-Championniere used massage and exercise to treat soldiers injured
a a a a a a a a a a
during which event?
a a a
a. World War I a a
b. World War II a a
c. Civil War a
d. Viet Nam War a a
ANS: A a
