STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF THE BODY
16TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN T. PATTON; GARY A.
THIBODEAU
TEST BANK
Question 1
Reference
Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body – Levels of Organization
Question Stem
A community health nurse is educating a group of older adults
about osteoporosis. To explain why fractures are a primary
concern, the nurse describes how the disease process weakens
bone tissue. At which level of structural organization does the
initial pathophysiology of osteoporosis primarily manifest,
ultimately affecting the entire skeletal system?
Options
A) Chemical level
B) Cellular level
C) Tissue level
D) Organ level
Correct Answer
C) Tissue level
,Rationales
• Correct: Osteoporosis is a disorder of bone tissue,
characterized by a decrease in bone mass and
deterioration of the micro-architecture of bone tissue. This
directly weakens the tissue level of organization, which
then compromises the strength of bones (organs) and the
entire skeletal system (system level).
• Incorrect A: The chemical level involves atoms and
molecules; while calcium and phosphate are involved, the
core pathology is not at this fundamental level.
• Incorrect B: While bone cells like osteoclasts and
osteoblasts are involved, the disease is defined by the
change in the extracellular matrix and overall integrity of
the tissue they create.
• Incorrect D: The organ level (individual bones) is affected
by the disease, but the primary pathological changes begin
at the tissue level.
Teaching Point
Disease often targets a specific level of organization, but its
effects cascade to higher, systemic levels.
Citation
Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body
Question 2
,Reference
Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body – Anatomical Position
Question Stem
A nurse is documenting a superficial abrasion on the posterior
surface of a patient's hand. The patient is sitting in a chair with
their palm resting on their knee. To ensure accurate
documentation according to standard anatomical position, how
should the nurse describe the location of this injury?
Options
A) On the anterior surface of the hand
B) On the palmar surface of the hand
C) On the dorsal surface of the hand
D) On the ventral surface of the hand
Correct Answer
C) On the dorsal surface of the hand
Rationales
• Correct: In the standard anatomical position, the posterior
surface of the hand is the dorsal surface, which is the back
of the hand. Documentation must always use terms
relative to anatomical position, not the patient's current
posture.
• Incorrect A: The anterior surface of the hand in anatomical
position is the palm.
• Incorrect B: The palmar surface is synonymous with the
anterior surface or palm.
, • Incorrect D: "Ventral" is synonymous with "anterior" and
refers to the front of the body or the palm side of the
hand.
Teaching Point
Anatomical terms are always based on the standard anatomical
position, regardless of the body's actual orientation.
Citation
Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body
Question 3
Reference
Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body – Body Cavities
Question Stem
A patient is admitted with suspected pericarditis. In which body
cavity is the inflamed membrane located?
Options
A) Dorsal cavity
B) Thoracic cavity
C) Abdominal cavity
D) Pelvic cavity
Correct Answer
B) Thoracic cavity
Rationales
16TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN T. PATTON; GARY A.
THIBODEAU
TEST BANK
Question 1
Reference
Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body – Levels of Organization
Question Stem
A community health nurse is educating a group of older adults
about osteoporosis. To explain why fractures are a primary
concern, the nurse describes how the disease process weakens
bone tissue. At which level of structural organization does the
initial pathophysiology of osteoporosis primarily manifest,
ultimately affecting the entire skeletal system?
Options
A) Chemical level
B) Cellular level
C) Tissue level
D) Organ level
Correct Answer
C) Tissue level
,Rationales
• Correct: Osteoporosis is a disorder of bone tissue,
characterized by a decrease in bone mass and
deterioration of the micro-architecture of bone tissue. This
directly weakens the tissue level of organization, which
then compromises the strength of bones (organs) and the
entire skeletal system (system level).
• Incorrect A: The chemical level involves atoms and
molecules; while calcium and phosphate are involved, the
core pathology is not at this fundamental level.
• Incorrect B: While bone cells like osteoclasts and
osteoblasts are involved, the disease is defined by the
change in the extracellular matrix and overall integrity of
the tissue they create.
• Incorrect D: The organ level (individual bones) is affected
by the disease, but the primary pathological changes begin
at the tissue level.
Teaching Point
Disease often targets a specific level of organization, but its
effects cascade to higher, systemic levels.
Citation
Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body
Question 2
,Reference
Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body – Anatomical Position
Question Stem
A nurse is documenting a superficial abrasion on the posterior
surface of a patient's hand. The patient is sitting in a chair with
their palm resting on their knee. To ensure accurate
documentation according to standard anatomical position, how
should the nurse describe the location of this injury?
Options
A) On the anterior surface of the hand
B) On the palmar surface of the hand
C) On the dorsal surface of the hand
D) On the ventral surface of the hand
Correct Answer
C) On the dorsal surface of the hand
Rationales
• Correct: In the standard anatomical position, the posterior
surface of the hand is the dorsal surface, which is the back
of the hand. Documentation must always use terms
relative to anatomical position, not the patient's current
posture.
• Incorrect A: The anterior surface of the hand in anatomical
position is the palm.
• Incorrect B: The palmar surface is synonymous with the
anterior surface or palm.
, • Incorrect D: "Ventral" is synonymous with "anterior" and
refers to the front of the body or the palm side of the
hand.
Teaching Point
Anatomical terms are always based on the standard anatomical
position, regardless of the body's actual orientation.
Citation
Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body
Question 3
Reference
Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body – Body Cavities
Question Stem
A patient is admitted with suspected pericarditis. In which body
cavity is the inflamed membrane located?
Options
A) Dorsal cavity
B) Thoracic cavity
C) Abdominal cavity
D) Pelvic cavity
Correct Answer
B) Thoracic cavity
Rationales
