STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF THE BODY
16TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN T. PATTON; GARY A.
THIBODEAU
TEST BANK
Question 1
Reference
Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body – Levels of Organization
Question Stem
A community health nurse is educating a group about the
harmful effects of smoking. The nurse explains that cigarette
smoke can cause mutations in the DNA of tracheal cells, leading
to lung cancer. At which level of structural organization does
this pathophysiological process originate?
Options
A) Tissue level
B) Cellular level
C) Organ level
D) Chemical level
Correct Answer
D) Chemical level
Rationales
, • Correct: The process originates at the chemical (molecular)
level, as mutations involve changes in the DNA molecule
itself. This genetic alteration then disrupts cellular
function, leading to disease at higher levels of
organization.
• Incorrect A: The tissue level involves groups of similar cells,
but the initial damage is to the genetic material within the
cell.
• Incorrect B: While the effect manifests in the cell, the
initial injury—the DNA mutation—is a chemical change.
• Incorrect C: The organ level (e.g., the lung) is where the
clinical disease becomes apparent, but the origin is at a
much simpler level.
Teaching Point
Disease often begins with chemical alterations that disrupt
higher levels of organization.
Citation
Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body
Question 2
Reference
Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body – Anatomical Position
Question Stem
A nurse is documenting a wound location on a patient's leg. The
,note states: "2 cm laceration observed on the anterior, proximal
leg, just lateral to the tibial crest." Using standard anatomical
position, where is this wound located?
Options
A) On the back of the upper leg, near the midline.
B) On the front of the lower leg, toward the outside.
C) On the front of the upper leg, toward the outside.
D) On the back of the lower leg, near the midline.
Correct Answer
B) On the front of the lower leg, toward the outside.
Rationales
• Correct: "Anterior" means front, "proximal" (in the context
of the leg) refers to the segment closer to the knee (lower
leg), and "lateral to the tibia" means toward the fibula
(outside).
• Incorrect A: This describes posterior, proximal, and medial.
• Incorrect C: This incorrectly places "proximal" at the thigh
(upper leg).
• Incorrect D: This describes posterior and medial.
Teaching Point
Anatomical terms like anterior, proximal, and lateral provide
precise, unambiguous location descriptions.
Citation
Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body
, Question 3
Reference
Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body – Body Cavities
Question Stem
A patient is admitted with suspected pericarditis. In which body
cavity will the inflammation primarily be located?
Options
A) Thoracic cavity
B) Mediastinum
C) Pleural cavity
D) Abdominal cavity
Correct Answer
B) Mediastinum
Rationales
• Correct: The mediastinum is the central compartment of
the thoracic cavity that contains the heart, trachea, and
esophagus. The pericardium is the sac surrounding the
heart, located within the mediastinum.
• Incorrect A: While the thoracic cavity is the larger cavity,
the more specific and accurate location for the heart is the
mediastinum.
• Incorrect C: The pleural cavities contain the lungs, not the
heart.
16TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN T. PATTON; GARY A.
THIBODEAU
TEST BANK
Question 1
Reference
Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body – Levels of Organization
Question Stem
A community health nurse is educating a group about the
harmful effects of smoking. The nurse explains that cigarette
smoke can cause mutations in the DNA of tracheal cells, leading
to lung cancer. At which level of structural organization does
this pathophysiological process originate?
Options
A) Tissue level
B) Cellular level
C) Organ level
D) Chemical level
Correct Answer
D) Chemical level
Rationales
, • Correct: The process originates at the chemical (molecular)
level, as mutations involve changes in the DNA molecule
itself. This genetic alteration then disrupts cellular
function, leading to disease at higher levels of
organization.
• Incorrect A: The tissue level involves groups of similar cells,
but the initial damage is to the genetic material within the
cell.
• Incorrect B: While the effect manifests in the cell, the
initial injury—the DNA mutation—is a chemical change.
• Incorrect C: The organ level (e.g., the lung) is where the
clinical disease becomes apparent, but the origin is at a
much simpler level.
Teaching Point
Disease often begins with chemical alterations that disrupt
higher levels of organization.
Citation
Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body
Question 2
Reference
Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body – Anatomical Position
Question Stem
A nurse is documenting a wound location on a patient's leg. The
,note states: "2 cm laceration observed on the anterior, proximal
leg, just lateral to the tibial crest." Using standard anatomical
position, where is this wound located?
Options
A) On the back of the upper leg, near the midline.
B) On the front of the lower leg, toward the outside.
C) On the front of the upper leg, toward the outside.
D) On the back of the lower leg, near the midline.
Correct Answer
B) On the front of the lower leg, toward the outside.
Rationales
• Correct: "Anterior" means front, "proximal" (in the context
of the leg) refers to the segment closer to the knee (lower
leg), and "lateral to the tibia" means toward the fibula
(outside).
• Incorrect A: This describes posterior, proximal, and medial.
• Incorrect C: This incorrectly places "proximal" at the thigh
(upper leg).
• Incorrect D: This describes posterior and medial.
Teaching Point
Anatomical terms like anterior, proximal, and lateral provide
precise, unambiguous location descriptions.
Citation
Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body
, Question 3
Reference
Ch. 1: Introduction to the Body – Body Cavities
Question Stem
A patient is admitted with suspected pericarditis. In which body
cavity will the inflammation primarily be located?
Options
A) Thoracic cavity
B) Mediastinum
C) Pleural cavity
D) Abdominal cavity
Correct Answer
B) Mediastinum
Rationales
• Correct: The mediastinum is the central compartment of
the thoracic cavity that contains the heart, trachea, and
esophagus. The pericardium is the sac surrounding the
heart, located within the mediastinum.
• Incorrect A: While the thoracic cavity is the larger cavity,
the more specific and accurate location for the heart is the
mediastinum.
• Incorrect C: The pleural cavities contain the lungs, not the
heart.
