CCBC Nursing 160: Exam Four Prep 2025/2026
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Terms in this set (172)
The process that maintains oxygen levels necessary
for the survival of living cells.
What is Oxygenation?
The body requires oxygen for ENERGY!
21% air.
How much of the air that
we breathe is made up of But oxygenation is not JUST the air we breathe! Also
oxygen? the level of exchange at the alveoli and at the level
of the tissues.
What is a waste product of CO2!
oxygenation?
What is hypoxemia? Abnormally low levels of oxygen in the bloodstream.
An insufficient or low level of oxygen in the whole
What is hypoxia?
body (tissues).
The rate at which oxygen is transported from the
What is oxygen delivery?
lungs to the tissues of the body.
What is oxygen The rate at which oxygen is removed from the blood
consumption? to be used by the tissues.
, YES! Alterations in O2 can affect EVERY body system!
Ex:
Can alterations in systemic 1. Homeostasis: acid-base balance affected (there
oxygenation affect other should always be 20 bicarbs to every 1 carbonic acid).
systems in the body? 2. Perfusion: need good blood supply to deliver O2 to
the tissues.
3. Metabolism: changes in O2 can increase metabolic
demand, thus leading to compensation.
1. Oxygen transport: occurs because we breathe! We
take in oxygen through respirations.
2. Respiration: the act of respiring; inhalation and
exhalation of air;
breathing---GAS EXCHANGE.
What is involved in the
3. Ventilation: the movement of air between the
physiology of
environment and the lungs via inhalation and
Oxygenation?
exhalation (essentially the same as respiration---the
two go hand in hand).
4. Diffusion and Perfusion: O2 diffuses across alveoli
and membranes.
5. Gas exchange: occurs at the level of the alveoli!
, 1. Filtration: ex, cilia catch debris and irritants from
obstructing the airway.
2. Warmth and Humidification: the upper airway
(mouth and nose) warms and humidifies. Patients with
trachs don't have this ability which can lead to
irritation to their respiratory system.
3. Epiglottis: protects the trachea against aspiration.
4. Cough Reflex: occurs in the CNS; protective
mechanism of the airway, therefore as long as it's not
excessive a cough is a good thing.
5. Mucociliary Escalator Mechanism: The mucociliary
escalator covers most of the bronchi, bronchioles and
What are the different
nose. The cilia are continually beating, pushing mucus
types of Protectants used
up and out into the throat. The mucociliary escalator is
during Oxygenation?
a major barrier against infection. Microorganisms
hoping to infect the respiratory tract are caught in the
sticky mucus and moved up by the mucociliary
escalator. Smoking seems to paralzye the cilia of the
mucociliary escalator.
6. Immunoglobulin A: an antibody that plays a critical
role in mucosal immunity---acts as a defense
mechanism to help protect the respiratory system.
Can result in an accumulation of more fluids to that
area, as well as swelling an inflammation. When this is
excessive, it can actually make the respiratory
problems worse.
7. Alveolar macrophages: the alveoli have their own
supply of macrophages that "eat up the bad stuff."
Hair-like projections that line the bronchus to remove
What are Cilia?
microbes and debris from the interior of the lungs.
Complete Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers)|Brand New Version!
Save
Terms in this set (172)
The process that maintains oxygen levels necessary
for the survival of living cells.
What is Oxygenation?
The body requires oxygen for ENERGY!
21% air.
How much of the air that
we breathe is made up of But oxygenation is not JUST the air we breathe! Also
oxygen? the level of exchange at the alveoli and at the level
of the tissues.
What is a waste product of CO2!
oxygenation?
What is hypoxemia? Abnormally low levels of oxygen in the bloodstream.
An insufficient or low level of oxygen in the whole
What is hypoxia?
body (tissues).
The rate at which oxygen is transported from the
What is oxygen delivery?
lungs to the tissues of the body.
What is oxygen The rate at which oxygen is removed from the blood
consumption? to be used by the tissues.
, YES! Alterations in O2 can affect EVERY body system!
Ex:
Can alterations in systemic 1. Homeostasis: acid-base balance affected (there
oxygenation affect other should always be 20 bicarbs to every 1 carbonic acid).
systems in the body? 2. Perfusion: need good blood supply to deliver O2 to
the tissues.
3. Metabolism: changes in O2 can increase metabolic
demand, thus leading to compensation.
1. Oxygen transport: occurs because we breathe! We
take in oxygen through respirations.
2. Respiration: the act of respiring; inhalation and
exhalation of air;
breathing---GAS EXCHANGE.
What is involved in the
3. Ventilation: the movement of air between the
physiology of
environment and the lungs via inhalation and
Oxygenation?
exhalation (essentially the same as respiration---the
two go hand in hand).
4. Diffusion and Perfusion: O2 diffuses across alveoli
and membranes.
5. Gas exchange: occurs at the level of the alveoli!
, 1. Filtration: ex, cilia catch debris and irritants from
obstructing the airway.
2. Warmth and Humidification: the upper airway
(mouth and nose) warms and humidifies. Patients with
trachs don't have this ability which can lead to
irritation to their respiratory system.
3. Epiglottis: protects the trachea against aspiration.
4. Cough Reflex: occurs in the CNS; protective
mechanism of the airway, therefore as long as it's not
excessive a cough is a good thing.
5. Mucociliary Escalator Mechanism: The mucociliary
escalator covers most of the bronchi, bronchioles and
What are the different
nose. The cilia are continually beating, pushing mucus
types of Protectants used
up and out into the throat. The mucociliary escalator is
during Oxygenation?
a major barrier against infection. Microorganisms
hoping to infect the respiratory tract are caught in the
sticky mucus and moved up by the mucociliary
escalator. Smoking seems to paralzye the cilia of the
mucociliary escalator.
6. Immunoglobulin A: an antibody that plays a critical
role in mucosal immunity---acts as a defense
mechanism to help protect the respiratory system.
Can result in an accumulation of more fluids to that
area, as well as swelling an inflammation. When this is
excessive, it can actually make the respiratory
problems worse.
7. Alveolar macrophages: the alveoli have their own
supply of macrophages that "eat up the bad stuff."
Hair-like projections that line the bronchus to remove
What are Cilia?
microbes and debris from the interior of the lungs.
