ESTUDYR
D312 A&P 1 WITH LAB STUDY GUIDE - SECTION 1 UPDATED EXAM WITH
MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | ASSURED
SUCCESS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
1. What is the correct hierarchical organization of the human body from simplest to most
complex?
A. Cellular > Chemical > Tissue > Organ > System > Organism
B. Chemical > Cellular > Tissue > Organ > System > Organism ✔
C. Tissue > Organ > Chemical > Cellular > System > Organism
D. Organism > System > Organ > Tissue > Cellular > Chemical
Rationale: Structural levels progress from molecules (chemical) to cells, tissues, organs,
systems, and the whole organism.
2. Which level is the most basic in structural organization?
A. Cellular
B. Tissue
C. Chemical ✔
D. Organ
Rationale: The chemical level (atoms and molecules) is the foundation for cellular
structures.
3. Which elements make up about 96% of body mass?
A. Sodium, potassium, calcium
B. Carbon, phosphorus, sulfur
C. Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen ✔
D. Iron, copper, zinc
Rationale: O, C, H, N are the primary elements in biomolecules composing most body
mass.
4. What is a molecule?
A. Single atom
B. Organelles grouped together
C. A group of atoms bonded together ✔
D. Tissue composed of cells
Rationale: Molecules are chemical assemblies of atoms (e.g., water, proteins).
5. What defines the cellular level?
A. Whole organ function only
,ESTUDYR
B. Collections of tissues
C. Sum of chemical reactions and structures within a cell that determine function ✔
D. The fluid between cells
Rationale: Cells are the basic living units where chemical processes occur to maintain
life.
6. What are organelles?
A. Small organs outside the body
B. Tissues that make up organs
C. Tiny cell structures performing specific functions within a cell ✔
D. Groups of organs
Rationale: Mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi, etc., are organelles carrying out cellular
tasks.
7. The tissue level is best described as:
A. Single cells floating in blood
B. Groups of similar cells performing a common function ✔
C. Entire organ systems
D. Collections of organs only
Rationale: Tissues (epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous) are assemblies of cells and
ECM.
8. Which are the four basic tissue types?
A. Bone, blood, lymph, cartilage
B. Skin, muscle, nerve, bone
C. Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous ✔
D. Cardiac, smooth, skeletal, epithelial
Rationale: These four tissue types form all organs and systems.
9. Tissue function is influenced by:
A. Only the cell type present
B. Only the extracellular fluid composition
C. Both constituent cells and extracellular materials/connections ✔
D. None of the above
Rationale: Tissue behavior depends on cell properties and ECM, junctions, and
surrounding environment.
10. What is the organ level?
A. Single tissue type only
B. Structures made of different tissues functioning together ✔
,ESTUDYR
C. Molecular complexes inside cells
D. A region of cytoplasm
Rationale: Organs (heart, liver) combine tissues to perform complex functions.
11. What defines the system level?
A. A single cell performing multiple jobs
B. Related organs cooperating for a common function ✔
C. A group of similar cells only
D. Part of the CNS
Rationale: Systems are organized sets of organs (e.g., digestive system) with shared
purposes.
12. What is the organism level?
A. An organ functioning alone
B. Any living individual made up of multiple systems (11 systems in humans) ✔
C. Only single-celled life forms
D. Tissue only
Rationale: The organism is the integrated whole — human body functioning as one unit.
13. What does the integumentary system consist of?
A. Bones and cartilage
B. Heart and vessels
C. Skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails ✔
D. Kidneys and bladder
Rationale: Integumentary structures protect and sense the external environment.
14. Which is a function of the integumentary system?
A. Producing blood cells
B. Nutrient absorption
C. Protection, excretion of wastes, vitamin D synthesis, sensory detection ✔
D. Pumping blood
Rationale: Skin protects, helps produce vitamin D, senses stimuli, and excretes small
amounts of metabolic waste.
15. What comprises the skeletal system?
A. Muscles and tendons
B. Bones and cartilage associated with joints ✔
C. Heart and blood vessels
D. Skin and glands
, ESTUDYR
Rationale: Skeletal system supports body, protects organs, stores minerals, and houses
marrow.
16. What are skeletal system functions?
A. Only producing hormones
B. Protection, support, framework for muscles, blood cell production, mineral storage
✔
C. Gas exchange and pH regulation
D. Food digestion
Rationale: Bones protect organs, enable movement, store calcium, and contain marrow
for hematopoiesis.
17. What does the muscular system primarily consist of?
A. Ligaments and tendons
B. Primarily skeletal muscle; also cardiac and smooth muscle in body ✔
C. Bones and cartilage
D. Endocrine glands
Rationale: Muscular system includes skeletal for movement, cardiac for heart pumping,
and smooth in viscera.
18. What are muscular system functions?
A. Breaking down food chemically
B. Production of red blood cells
C. Enables movement, maintains posture, and contributes to thermoregulation ✔
D. Filtering blood
Rationale: Muscle contractions generate movement and heat; posture is maintained by
tonic contractions.
19. Cardiac muscle is best described as:
A. Voluntary smooth muscle
B. Involuntary, striated muscle forming heart walls ✔
C. Non-contractile connective tissue
D. Found in GI tract only
Rationale: Cardiac muscle is striated but under involuntary control specialized for heart
pumping.
20. Smooth muscle is:
A. Found in heart only
B. Voluntary muscle attached to skeleton
C. Muscle in viscera and vessel walls under involuntary control ✔
D312 A&P 1 WITH LAB STUDY GUIDE - SECTION 1 UPDATED EXAM WITH
MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | ASSURED
SUCCESS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
1. What is the correct hierarchical organization of the human body from simplest to most
complex?
A. Cellular > Chemical > Tissue > Organ > System > Organism
B. Chemical > Cellular > Tissue > Organ > System > Organism ✔
C. Tissue > Organ > Chemical > Cellular > System > Organism
D. Organism > System > Organ > Tissue > Cellular > Chemical
Rationale: Structural levels progress from molecules (chemical) to cells, tissues, organs,
systems, and the whole organism.
2. Which level is the most basic in structural organization?
A. Cellular
B. Tissue
C. Chemical ✔
D. Organ
Rationale: The chemical level (atoms and molecules) is the foundation for cellular
structures.
3. Which elements make up about 96% of body mass?
A. Sodium, potassium, calcium
B. Carbon, phosphorus, sulfur
C. Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen ✔
D. Iron, copper, zinc
Rationale: O, C, H, N are the primary elements in biomolecules composing most body
mass.
4. What is a molecule?
A. Single atom
B. Organelles grouped together
C. A group of atoms bonded together ✔
D. Tissue composed of cells
Rationale: Molecules are chemical assemblies of atoms (e.g., water, proteins).
5. What defines the cellular level?
A. Whole organ function only
,ESTUDYR
B. Collections of tissues
C. Sum of chemical reactions and structures within a cell that determine function ✔
D. The fluid between cells
Rationale: Cells are the basic living units where chemical processes occur to maintain
life.
6. What are organelles?
A. Small organs outside the body
B. Tissues that make up organs
C. Tiny cell structures performing specific functions within a cell ✔
D. Groups of organs
Rationale: Mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi, etc., are organelles carrying out cellular
tasks.
7. The tissue level is best described as:
A. Single cells floating in blood
B. Groups of similar cells performing a common function ✔
C. Entire organ systems
D. Collections of organs only
Rationale: Tissues (epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous) are assemblies of cells and
ECM.
8. Which are the four basic tissue types?
A. Bone, blood, lymph, cartilage
B. Skin, muscle, nerve, bone
C. Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous ✔
D. Cardiac, smooth, skeletal, epithelial
Rationale: These four tissue types form all organs and systems.
9. Tissue function is influenced by:
A. Only the cell type present
B. Only the extracellular fluid composition
C. Both constituent cells and extracellular materials/connections ✔
D. None of the above
Rationale: Tissue behavior depends on cell properties and ECM, junctions, and
surrounding environment.
10. What is the organ level?
A. Single tissue type only
B. Structures made of different tissues functioning together ✔
,ESTUDYR
C. Molecular complexes inside cells
D. A region of cytoplasm
Rationale: Organs (heart, liver) combine tissues to perform complex functions.
11. What defines the system level?
A. A single cell performing multiple jobs
B. Related organs cooperating for a common function ✔
C. A group of similar cells only
D. Part of the CNS
Rationale: Systems are organized sets of organs (e.g., digestive system) with shared
purposes.
12. What is the organism level?
A. An organ functioning alone
B. Any living individual made up of multiple systems (11 systems in humans) ✔
C. Only single-celled life forms
D. Tissue only
Rationale: The organism is the integrated whole — human body functioning as one unit.
13. What does the integumentary system consist of?
A. Bones and cartilage
B. Heart and vessels
C. Skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails ✔
D. Kidneys and bladder
Rationale: Integumentary structures protect and sense the external environment.
14. Which is a function of the integumentary system?
A. Producing blood cells
B. Nutrient absorption
C. Protection, excretion of wastes, vitamin D synthesis, sensory detection ✔
D. Pumping blood
Rationale: Skin protects, helps produce vitamin D, senses stimuli, and excretes small
amounts of metabolic waste.
15. What comprises the skeletal system?
A. Muscles and tendons
B. Bones and cartilage associated with joints ✔
C. Heart and blood vessels
D. Skin and glands
, ESTUDYR
Rationale: Skeletal system supports body, protects organs, stores minerals, and houses
marrow.
16. What are skeletal system functions?
A. Only producing hormones
B. Protection, support, framework for muscles, blood cell production, mineral storage
✔
C. Gas exchange and pH regulation
D. Food digestion
Rationale: Bones protect organs, enable movement, store calcium, and contain marrow
for hematopoiesis.
17. What does the muscular system primarily consist of?
A. Ligaments and tendons
B. Primarily skeletal muscle; also cardiac and smooth muscle in body ✔
C. Bones and cartilage
D. Endocrine glands
Rationale: Muscular system includes skeletal for movement, cardiac for heart pumping,
and smooth in viscera.
18. What are muscular system functions?
A. Breaking down food chemically
B. Production of red blood cells
C. Enables movement, maintains posture, and contributes to thermoregulation ✔
D. Filtering blood
Rationale: Muscle contractions generate movement and heat; posture is maintained by
tonic contractions.
19. Cardiac muscle is best described as:
A. Voluntary smooth muscle
B. Involuntary, striated muscle forming heart walls ✔
C. Non-contractile connective tissue
D. Found in GI tract only
Rationale: Cardiac muscle is striated but under involuntary control specialized for heart
pumping.
20. Smooth muscle is:
A. Found in heart only
B. Voluntary muscle attached to skeleton
C. Muscle in viscera and vessel walls under involuntary control ✔
