ABFM + KSA CAre oF Children exAM Study
Guide 2026 QueStionS with CorreCt detAiled
AnSwerS || 100% GuArAnteed PASS
<lAteSt VerSion>
1. A 30-year-old female who is hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive
gives birth to a 2800-g (6 lb 3 oz) male. Which one of the following is
essential in the care of this newborn during his first 12-24 hours of life?
A. A hepatitis profile
B. Adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera)
C. Hepatitis A vaccine
D. Hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine - ANSWER ✔
ANSWER: D
Approximately 1000 new cases of perinatal hepatitis B infection are
identified in the United States each year. Mother-to-child transmission is
responsible for more than one-third of chronic hepatitis B virus infections
worldwide. Prevention of perinatal hepatitis B depends on the timely
administration of appropriate postexposure immunoprophylaxis to infants
born to mothers who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive or
whose hepatitis B status is unknown. The risk of perinatal transmission
among infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers is as high as 90% without
immunoprophylaxis, which has been shown to be 85%-95% efficacious for
preventing mother-to-child transmission.
, The American Academy of Pediatrics endorses the recommendation of the
CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) that all
newborn infants with a birth weight ≥2000 g (4 lb 7 oz) receive hepatitis B
vaccine by 12-24 hours of age.
Infants born to mothers who are HBsAg-positive or whose HBsAg status is
unknown should receive hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune
globulin in separate limbs within 12 hours of birth. The dosing and
administration of these do not require adjustment for birth weight. Infants
who receive appropriate immunoprophylaxis may breastfeed immediately
after birth.
The schedule for subsequent doses of the vaccine depends upon the infant's
birth weight. If the birth weight is ≥2000 g, the second and third doses
should be given at 1 and 6 months of age, respectively. For infants who
weigh <2000 g, three additional doses are required and should be given at 1,
2-3, and 6 months of age, or at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.
Since this is prophylactic, treatment of the infant for an active infection with
an antiviral medication such as adefovir dipivoxil is unnecessary. A hepatitis
profile to check for HBsAg
2. Exclusively breastfed infants have higher rates of which one of the
following?
A. Leukemia
, B. Obesity
C. Otitis media
D. Rickets
E. Sudden infant death syndrome - ANSWER ✔ ANSWER: D
The benefits of breastfeeding are numerous, including reductions in a
number of infectious diseases, such as otitis media, respiratory infections,
bacterial meningitis, bacteremia, diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis, and
urinary tract infections. The rates of other adverse health outcomes are also
reduced, including sudden infant death syndrome in the first year of life,
type 1 diabetes, lymphoma, leukemia, overweight, obesity,
hypercholesterolemia, and asthma.
Studies have shown that up to 96% of children who have rickets were
breastfed, as the small amount of vitamin D in breast milk is inadequate for
preventing this condition in infants or children. While development of
rickets requires the severe vitamin D deficiency seen in less wealthy
countries, cases are still diagnosed in the United States. Subclinical vitamin
D deficiency is more prevalent in breastfed infants, and it can be associated
with complications of insufficient bone density in later life. The American
Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all breastfed infants receive 400 IU
of oral vitamin D drops daily, beginning the first few days of life and
continuing until the infant's daily intake of vitamin D-fortified formula or
milk is at least 500 mL.
3. A 9-year-old female is brought to your office for a well child visit. Her
mother mentions that a family friend is being treated for scoliosis and she
, wants to have her daughter screened for this condition. Which one of the
following is true regarding this condition?
A. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening
adolescents for idiopathic scoliosis
B. Screening for scoliosis is most important in females who have reached
skeletal maturity
C. Using a scoliometer in the school setting improves detection of
clinically significant scoliosis
D. Idiopathic scoliosis is most commonly seen in females between the
ages of 10 and 13
E. Approximately 3% of patients with idiopathic scoliosis will eventually
require treatment - ANSWER ✔ ANSWER: D
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's 2018 update on screening for
idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents indicates that current evidence is
insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for
scoliosis. This is based on its findings that although there is adequate
evidence that currently available screening tests can accurately detect
adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, there is no direct evidence regarding the
effect of screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis on patient-centered
health outcomes, and no studies on the direct harms of screening, such as
psychological harms or harms associated with confirmatory radiography.
Scoliosis is most commonly seen in females between the ages of 10 and 13
and progresses most severely during the growth phase before the patient has
reached skeletal maturity. Ninety percent of cases are idiopathic, and the
prevalence of scoliosis that eventually requires treatment is very small
Guide 2026 QueStionS with CorreCt detAiled
AnSwerS || 100% GuArAnteed PASS
<lAteSt VerSion>
1. A 30-year-old female who is hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive
gives birth to a 2800-g (6 lb 3 oz) male. Which one of the following is
essential in the care of this newborn during his first 12-24 hours of life?
A. A hepatitis profile
B. Adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera)
C. Hepatitis A vaccine
D. Hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine - ANSWER ✔
ANSWER: D
Approximately 1000 new cases of perinatal hepatitis B infection are
identified in the United States each year. Mother-to-child transmission is
responsible for more than one-third of chronic hepatitis B virus infections
worldwide. Prevention of perinatal hepatitis B depends on the timely
administration of appropriate postexposure immunoprophylaxis to infants
born to mothers who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive or
whose hepatitis B status is unknown. The risk of perinatal transmission
among infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers is as high as 90% without
immunoprophylaxis, which has been shown to be 85%-95% efficacious for
preventing mother-to-child transmission.
, The American Academy of Pediatrics endorses the recommendation of the
CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) that all
newborn infants with a birth weight ≥2000 g (4 lb 7 oz) receive hepatitis B
vaccine by 12-24 hours of age.
Infants born to mothers who are HBsAg-positive or whose HBsAg status is
unknown should receive hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune
globulin in separate limbs within 12 hours of birth. The dosing and
administration of these do not require adjustment for birth weight. Infants
who receive appropriate immunoprophylaxis may breastfeed immediately
after birth.
The schedule for subsequent doses of the vaccine depends upon the infant's
birth weight. If the birth weight is ≥2000 g, the second and third doses
should be given at 1 and 6 months of age, respectively. For infants who
weigh <2000 g, three additional doses are required and should be given at 1,
2-3, and 6 months of age, or at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.
Since this is prophylactic, treatment of the infant for an active infection with
an antiviral medication such as adefovir dipivoxil is unnecessary. A hepatitis
profile to check for HBsAg
2. Exclusively breastfed infants have higher rates of which one of the
following?
A. Leukemia
, B. Obesity
C. Otitis media
D. Rickets
E. Sudden infant death syndrome - ANSWER ✔ ANSWER: D
The benefits of breastfeeding are numerous, including reductions in a
number of infectious diseases, such as otitis media, respiratory infections,
bacterial meningitis, bacteremia, diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis, and
urinary tract infections. The rates of other adverse health outcomes are also
reduced, including sudden infant death syndrome in the first year of life,
type 1 diabetes, lymphoma, leukemia, overweight, obesity,
hypercholesterolemia, and asthma.
Studies have shown that up to 96% of children who have rickets were
breastfed, as the small amount of vitamin D in breast milk is inadequate for
preventing this condition in infants or children. While development of
rickets requires the severe vitamin D deficiency seen in less wealthy
countries, cases are still diagnosed in the United States. Subclinical vitamin
D deficiency is more prevalent in breastfed infants, and it can be associated
with complications of insufficient bone density in later life. The American
Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all breastfed infants receive 400 IU
of oral vitamin D drops daily, beginning the first few days of life and
continuing until the infant's daily intake of vitamin D-fortified formula or
milk is at least 500 mL.
3. A 9-year-old female is brought to your office for a well child visit. Her
mother mentions that a family friend is being treated for scoliosis and she
, wants to have her daughter screened for this condition. Which one of the
following is true regarding this condition?
A. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening
adolescents for idiopathic scoliosis
B. Screening for scoliosis is most important in females who have reached
skeletal maturity
C. Using a scoliometer in the school setting improves detection of
clinically significant scoliosis
D. Idiopathic scoliosis is most commonly seen in females between the
ages of 10 and 13
E. Approximately 3% of patients with idiopathic scoliosis will eventually
require treatment - ANSWER ✔ ANSWER: D
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's 2018 update on screening for
idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents indicates that current evidence is
insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for
scoliosis. This is based on its findings that although there is adequate
evidence that currently available screening tests can accurately detect
adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, there is no direct evidence regarding the
effect of screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis on patient-centered
health outcomes, and no studies on the direct harms of screening, such as
psychological harms or harms associated with confirmatory radiography.
Scoliosis is most commonly seen in females between the ages of 10 and 13
and progresses most severely during the growth phase before the patient has
reached skeletal maturity. Ninety percent of cases are idiopathic, and the
prevalence of scoliosis that eventually requires treatment is very small
