Micro 290 - Midterm
(1,3,4,5,6,7,8,11,12,13) Karimi
Acid-Fast Stain - ANS-A differential stain used to penetrate waxy cellular partitions
Acidic dye - ANS-An anionic chromophore used to stain alkaline structures. Works fine in
acidic environments
Actinomycetes - ANS-High G+C Gram-fantastic bacteria that shape branching filaments and
produce spores, for that reason comparable to fungi
Actinomycosis - ANS-Disease caused by actinomyces; characterised by formation of
multiple, interconnected abscesses in skin or mucous membrane
Activation Energy - ANS-The amount of energy had to trigger a chemical reaction
Active Site - ANS-Functional web page of an enzyme, the form of that's complementary to
the shape of the substrate
Acute Anaphylaxis - ANS-Condition wherein the discharge of inflammatory mediators
overwhels the frame's coping mechanisms
Aerobic Respiration - ANS-Type of mobile breathing requiring oxygen atoms as final electron
acceptors
Agar - ANS-Gel-like polysaccharide isolated from pink algae and used as thickening agent
Agglutination - ANS-Clumping triggered while antibodies bind to two antigens, perhaps
hindering the hobby of pathogenic microorganisms and growing the change that they may be
phagocytized
Algae - ANS-Eukarytoic unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic organisms with easy
reproductive structures
Amoebas - ANS-Protozoa that pass and feed by means of pseudopods
Anaerobic Respiration - ANS-Type of cellular respiration not requiring oxygen atoms as very
last electron acceptors
Antisense RNA - ANS-RNA with a nucleotide collection complementary to a molecule of
mRNA; used to govern translation of polypeptide
,Apicomlexans - ANS-In protozoan taxonomy, group of pathogenic alveolate ptrozoa
characterized by the complex of special intracellular organelles positioned on the apices of
the infective tiers of these microbes
Archaea - ANS-In Woese's taxonomy, domain that includes all prokaryotic cells having
archaela rRNA sequences
Arthropod - ANS-Animal with a segmented body, tough exoskeleton, and jointed legs, which
include arachnids and insects
Arthropod Vector - ANS-Animals with segmented bodies, external skeletons, and jointed legs
that carry pathogens; vectors include ticks, mites, fleas, and actual bugs
Ascomycota - ANS-Division of fungi characterized with the aid of the formation of haploid
ascospores within sacs called asci
Ascospore - ANS-Haploid germinating shape of ascomycetes
Ascus - ANS-Sac in which haploid ascospores are shaped and from which they are released
in fungi of the department Ascomycota
Aspergillosis - ANS-Term for several localized and invasive illnesses caused by infection
with Aspergillus species
Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) - ANS-makes use of a pointed probe to traverse the floor of
a specimen. A laser beam detects vertical moves of the probe, which a laptop translates to
expose the atomic topography of the specimen
Axenic - ANS-Having simplest one organism present
Bacteria - ANS-prokaryotic microorganisms usually having mobile partitions composed of
peptidoglycan. In Woese's taxonomy, area that consists of all prokaryotic cells having
bacterial rRNA sequences
Bacteriophage - ANS-Virus that infects and generally destroys bacterial cells
Base-Excision Repair - ANS-Mechanism by using which enzymes excise section of a DNA
strand containing an errors, and then DNA polymerase fills within the gap.
Basidiocarp - ANS-Fruiting frame of basidiomycetes; includes mushrooms, puffballs,
stinkhorns, jelly fungi, chook's nest fungi, and bracket fungi
Basidiomycota - ANS-Division of fungi characterized with the aid of production of
basidiospores and basidiocarps
Beta-Oxidation - ANS-A catabolic method in which enzymes split pairs of hydrogenated
carbon atoms from a fatty acid and be part of them to coenzyme A to shape acetyl-CoA
, Betaproteobacteria - ANS-Class of numerous Gram-poor bacteria inside the phylum
Proteobacteria able to growing at very low nutrient ranges
Binomail Nomenclature - ANS-The class technique used inside the Linnaean gadget of
taxonomy, which assigns every species each a genus name and precise epithet
Biofilm - ANS-A slimy community of microbes growing on a surface
Biotechnology - ANS-Branch of microbiology wherein microbes are manipulated to
manufacture beneficial products
Broth - ANS-A liquid, nutrient-rich medium used for cultivating microorganisms
Budding - ANS-In prokaryotes and yeasts, reproductive in which an outgrowth of the discern
cell gets a copy of the genetic material, enlarges, and detaches.
In virology, extrusion of enveloped virions thru the hosts's cellular membrane
Capsomere - ANS-A proteinaceous subunit of a capsid
Capsule Stain - ANS-(Negative Stain) staining method used primarily to show bacterial
drugs and regarding utility of an acidic dye that leaves the specimen colorless and the
history stained
Carbon Fixation - ANS-The attachment of atmospheric carbon dioxide to ribosome
1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP)
Carcinogen - ANS-Chemical able to inflicting cancer
Carotenoid - ANS-Plant pigment that acts as an antioxidant
Carrageenan - ANS-Gel-like polysaccharide isolated from red algae and used a thickening
agent
Cell Culture - ANS-Cells remoted from an organism and grown at the surface of a medium or
in broth. Viruses may be grown in a cellular culture
Central Dogma - ANS-In genetics, essential description of proteins synthesis that states that
genetic records is transferred from DNA to RNA to polypeptides, which characteristic alone
or in conjunction as proteins
Centrosome - ANS-Region of a cellular containing centrioles
Chemical FIxation - ANS-A method that makes use of methyl alcohol or formalin to connect
a smear to a slide
Chemiomosis - ANS-Use of ion gradients to generate ATP
(1,3,4,5,6,7,8,11,12,13) Karimi
Acid-Fast Stain - ANS-A differential stain used to penetrate waxy cellular partitions
Acidic dye - ANS-An anionic chromophore used to stain alkaline structures. Works fine in
acidic environments
Actinomycetes - ANS-High G+C Gram-fantastic bacteria that shape branching filaments and
produce spores, for that reason comparable to fungi
Actinomycosis - ANS-Disease caused by actinomyces; characterised by formation of
multiple, interconnected abscesses in skin or mucous membrane
Activation Energy - ANS-The amount of energy had to trigger a chemical reaction
Active Site - ANS-Functional web page of an enzyme, the form of that's complementary to
the shape of the substrate
Acute Anaphylaxis - ANS-Condition wherein the discharge of inflammatory mediators
overwhels the frame's coping mechanisms
Aerobic Respiration - ANS-Type of mobile breathing requiring oxygen atoms as final electron
acceptors
Agar - ANS-Gel-like polysaccharide isolated from pink algae and used as thickening agent
Agglutination - ANS-Clumping triggered while antibodies bind to two antigens, perhaps
hindering the hobby of pathogenic microorganisms and growing the change that they may be
phagocytized
Algae - ANS-Eukarytoic unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic organisms with easy
reproductive structures
Amoebas - ANS-Protozoa that pass and feed by means of pseudopods
Anaerobic Respiration - ANS-Type of cellular respiration not requiring oxygen atoms as very
last electron acceptors
Antisense RNA - ANS-RNA with a nucleotide collection complementary to a molecule of
mRNA; used to govern translation of polypeptide
,Apicomlexans - ANS-In protozoan taxonomy, group of pathogenic alveolate ptrozoa
characterized by the complex of special intracellular organelles positioned on the apices of
the infective tiers of these microbes
Archaea - ANS-In Woese's taxonomy, domain that includes all prokaryotic cells having
archaela rRNA sequences
Arthropod - ANS-Animal with a segmented body, tough exoskeleton, and jointed legs, which
include arachnids and insects
Arthropod Vector - ANS-Animals with segmented bodies, external skeletons, and jointed legs
that carry pathogens; vectors include ticks, mites, fleas, and actual bugs
Ascomycota - ANS-Division of fungi characterized with the aid of the formation of haploid
ascospores within sacs called asci
Ascospore - ANS-Haploid germinating shape of ascomycetes
Ascus - ANS-Sac in which haploid ascospores are shaped and from which they are released
in fungi of the department Ascomycota
Aspergillosis - ANS-Term for several localized and invasive illnesses caused by infection
with Aspergillus species
Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) - ANS-makes use of a pointed probe to traverse the floor of
a specimen. A laser beam detects vertical moves of the probe, which a laptop translates to
expose the atomic topography of the specimen
Axenic - ANS-Having simplest one organism present
Bacteria - ANS-prokaryotic microorganisms usually having mobile partitions composed of
peptidoglycan. In Woese's taxonomy, area that consists of all prokaryotic cells having
bacterial rRNA sequences
Bacteriophage - ANS-Virus that infects and generally destroys bacterial cells
Base-Excision Repair - ANS-Mechanism by using which enzymes excise section of a DNA
strand containing an errors, and then DNA polymerase fills within the gap.
Basidiocarp - ANS-Fruiting frame of basidiomycetes; includes mushrooms, puffballs,
stinkhorns, jelly fungi, chook's nest fungi, and bracket fungi
Basidiomycota - ANS-Division of fungi characterized with the aid of production of
basidiospores and basidiocarps
Beta-Oxidation - ANS-A catabolic method in which enzymes split pairs of hydrogenated
carbon atoms from a fatty acid and be part of them to coenzyme A to shape acetyl-CoA
, Betaproteobacteria - ANS-Class of numerous Gram-poor bacteria inside the phylum
Proteobacteria able to growing at very low nutrient ranges
Binomail Nomenclature - ANS-The class technique used inside the Linnaean gadget of
taxonomy, which assigns every species each a genus name and precise epithet
Biofilm - ANS-A slimy community of microbes growing on a surface
Biotechnology - ANS-Branch of microbiology wherein microbes are manipulated to
manufacture beneficial products
Broth - ANS-A liquid, nutrient-rich medium used for cultivating microorganisms
Budding - ANS-In prokaryotes and yeasts, reproductive in which an outgrowth of the discern
cell gets a copy of the genetic material, enlarges, and detaches.
In virology, extrusion of enveloped virions thru the hosts's cellular membrane
Capsomere - ANS-A proteinaceous subunit of a capsid
Capsule Stain - ANS-(Negative Stain) staining method used primarily to show bacterial
drugs and regarding utility of an acidic dye that leaves the specimen colorless and the
history stained
Carbon Fixation - ANS-The attachment of atmospheric carbon dioxide to ribosome
1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP)
Carcinogen - ANS-Chemical able to inflicting cancer
Carotenoid - ANS-Plant pigment that acts as an antioxidant
Carrageenan - ANS-Gel-like polysaccharide isolated from red algae and used a thickening
agent
Cell Culture - ANS-Cells remoted from an organism and grown at the surface of a medium or
in broth. Viruses may be grown in a cellular culture
Central Dogma - ANS-In genetics, essential description of proteins synthesis that states that
genetic records is transferred from DNA to RNA to polypeptides, which characteristic alone
or in conjunction as proteins
Centrosome - ANS-Region of a cellular containing centrioles
Chemical FIxation - ANS-A method that makes use of methyl alcohol or formalin to connect
a smear to a slide
Chemiomosis - ANS-Use of ion gradients to generate ATP
