APHY 101 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - CORRECT ANSWER -Anatomy is the
study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function of body
parts
What are the levels of organization? - CORRECT ANSWER -subatomic particles, atom, molecule,
macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the requirements of life? - CORRECT ANSWER -Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
What are the characteristics of life? - CORRECT ANSWER -Movement (internal or gross);
Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth (increase in size without
change in shape); Reproduction (new organisms or new cells); Respiration (use of oxygen;
removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption (movement of substances through
membranes and into fluids); Circulation (movement within body fluids); Assimilation (changing
nutrients into chemically different forms); Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes)
Define homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER -Body's maintenance of a stable environment
What is a homeostatic mechanism? - CORRECT ANSWER -the body maintains homeostasis
through a number of self-regulating control systems; examples are regulating body temperature
and pressure sensitive receptors to regulate body pressure
Define matter - CORRECT ANSWER -Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is
composed of elements.
,Define element - CORRECT ANSWER -fundamental substance composed of chemically identical
atoms
Define atoms - CORRECT ANSWER -smallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter
What is the structure of an atom? - CORRECT ANSWER -An atom consists of a nucleus
containing protons and neutrons, with electrons in
orbit around the nucleus.
Atomic nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER -the nucleus contains protons and neutrons
Proton - CORRECT ANSWER -subatomic particle that has a positive charge
Neutron - CORRECT ANSWER -subatomic particle that has no charge
Electron - CORRECT ANSWER -subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Atomic number - CORRECT ANSWER -number or protons in nucleus
Atomic mass - CORRECT ANSWER -number of protons plus number of neutrons
What are covalent bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER -Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share
electrons to become stable with filled
outer shells
What are ionic bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER -2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when
electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom
,What are hydrogen bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER -Weak attraction between positive end of one
polar molecule and negative end of another polar molecule; formed between water molecules
Define ion - CORRECT ANSWER -When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions.
Define synthesis reaction - CORRECT ANSWER -Two or more atoms or molecules are joined
together
Define decomposition reaction - CORRECT ANSWER -Larger molecules are broken down into
smaller ones
Define exchange reaction - CORRECT ANSWER -Parts of molecules trade places
Define reactant - CORRECT ANSWER -The starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions, or
molecules
Define product - CORRECT ANSWER -Substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction
Define catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER -influence the rates of chemical reactions
What is an acid? - CORRECT ANSWER -Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
What is a base? - CORRECT ANSWER -Electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen
ions in water
What is a salt? - CORRECT ANSWER -Acids and bases that react to form water and electrolytes
, What is a pH scale? - CORRECT ANSWER -represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in
solution
Neutral solution - CORRECT ANSWER -pH 7;
indicates equal concentrations of H+
and OH-
Acidic solution - CORRECT ANSWER -pH less than
7; indicates a greater concentration of H+
Basic solution - CORRECT ANSWER -pH greater than 7; indicates a greater concentration of OH-
What is the difference between an organic molecule and an inorganic molecule? - CORRECT
ANSWER -organic compounds have hydrogen and carbon; inorganic compounds do not
What is dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER -Dehydration reactions link
monomers together into polymers by releasing water, and hydrolysis breaks polymers into
monomers using a water molecule. Monomers are just single unit molecules and polymers are
chains of monomers.
What are carbohydrates? - CORRECT ANSWER -Carbohydrates provide energy for cellular
activities. These molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are lipids? - CORRECT ANSWER -Primarily used to supply energy for cellular activity. Lipids
are insoluble in water and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
What are proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER -Provide structure; energy sources; chemical
messengers
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - CORRECT ANSWER -Anatomy is the
study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function of body
parts
What are the levels of organization? - CORRECT ANSWER -subatomic particles, atom, molecule,
macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the requirements of life? - CORRECT ANSWER -Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
What are the characteristics of life? - CORRECT ANSWER -Movement (internal or gross);
Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth (increase in size without
change in shape); Reproduction (new organisms or new cells); Respiration (use of oxygen;
removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption (movement of substances through
membranes and into fluids); Circulation (movement within body fluids); Assimilation (changing
nutrients into chemically different forms); Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes)
Define homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER -Body's maintenance of a stable environment
What is a homeostatic mechanism? - CORRECT ANSWER -the body maintains homeostasis
through a number of self-regulating control systems; examples are regulating body temperature
and pressure sensitive receptors to regulate body pressure
Define matter - CORRECT ANSWER -Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is
composed of elements.
,Define element - CORRECT ANSWER -fundamental substance composed of chemically identical
atoms
Define atoms - CORRECT ANSWER -smallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter
What is the structure of an atom? - CORRECT ANSWER -An atom consists of a nucleus
containing protons and neutrons, with electrons in
orbit around the nucleus.
Atomic nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER -the nucleus contains protons and neutrons
Proton - CORRECT ANSWER -subatomic particle that has a positive charge
Neutron - CORRECT ANSWER -subatomic particle that has no charge
Electron - CORRECT ANSWER -subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Atomic number - CORRECT ANSWER -number or protons in nucleus
Atomic mass - CORRECT ANSWER -number of protons plus number of neutrons
What are covalent bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER -Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share
electrons to become stable with filled
outer shells
What are ionic bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER -2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when
electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom
,What are hydrogen bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER -Weak attraction between positive end of one
polar molecule and negative end of another polar molecule; formed between water molecules
Define ion - CORRECT ANSWER -When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions.
Define synthesis reaction - CORRECT ANSWER -Two or more atoms or molecules are joined
together
Define decomposition reaction - CORRECT ANSWER -Larger molecules are broken down into
smaller ones
Define exchange reaction - CORRECT ANSWER -Parts of molecules trade places
Define reactant - CORRECT ANSWER -The starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions, or
molecules
Define product - CORRECT ANSWER -Substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction
Define catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER -influence the rates of chemical reactions
What is an acid? - CORRECT ANSWER -Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
What is a base? - CORRECT ANSWER -Electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen
ions in water
What is a salt? - CORRECT ANSWER -Acids and bases that react to form water and electrolytes
, What is a pH scale? - CORRECT ANSWER -represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in
solution
Neutral solution - CORRECT ANSWER -pH 7;
indicates equal concentrations of H+
and OH-
Acidic solution - CORRECT ANSWER -pH less than
7; indicates a greater concentration of H+
Basic solution - CORRECT ANSWER -pH greater than 7; indicates a greater concentration of OH-
What is the difference between an organic molecule and an inorganic molecule? - CORRECT
ANSWER -organic compounds have hydrogen and carbon; inorganic compounds do not
What is dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER -Dehydration reactions link
monomers together into polymers by releasing water, and hydrolysis breaks polymers into
monomers using a water molecule. Monomers are just single unit molecules and polymers are
chains of monomers.
What are carbohydrates? - CORRECT ANSWER -Carbohydrates provide energy for cellular
activities. These molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are lipids? - CORRECT ANSWER -Primarily used to supply energy for cellular activity. Lipids
are insoluble in water and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
What are proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER -Provide structure; energy sources; chemical
messengers
