EMT ENTRANCE REVISION PAST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 ALL RATED A+
✔✔inflammation - ✔✔tissue reaction to disease, injury, irritation, or infection
characterized by pain, heat, redness, swelling, and sometimes loss of function
✔✔antigen - ✔✔any substance foreign to an individual causing antibody production
✔✔allergen - ✔✔antigen that causes signs/symptoms of an allergic reaction
✔✔scene size-up - ✔✔survey the scene to determine any threats and nature of the
call/whether or not backup is necessary
✔✔components of scene size-up - ✔✔Taking standard precautions
Evaluating scene safety
Determining mechanism of injury
Determining total number of patients
Determining need for additional resources
✔✔scene survey - ✔✔assessment of the entire scene and surroundings to ensure well-
being
✔✔clues of potential violence - ✔✔Knowledge of prior violence at a location
Evidence of alcohol or other substance use
Weapons visible or in use
Loud voices, fighting, or the potential for fighting
✔✔patient safety - ✔✔Protecting the patient from curious onlookers
Assessing for traffic and other hazards
Protecting the patient from glass and other debris during extrication procedures
Protecting the patient from environmental temperature extremes
✔✔trauma patient - ✔✔one who has experienced an injury from an external force
✔✔medical patient - ✔✔one whose condition is caused by an illness
✔✔Mechanism of injury - ✔✔the way in which an injury occurs
✔✔kinetic energy - ✔✔energy of motion
✔✔kinematics - ✔✔science of analyzing the mechanism of injury and predicting injury
patters
, ✔✔Determining the amount of injury - ✔✔type of energy applied, how quickly the
energy was applied, the part of the body affected by energy
✔✔blunt trauma - ✔✔any MOI that occurs without actual penetration of the body
✔✔penetrating trauma - ✔✔any MOI that causes a cut or piercing of skin
✔✔Motor vehicle crash (MVC) - ✔✔Vehicle strikes an object, occupant collides with
interior, internal organs collide with other organs
✔✔nature of the illness - ✔✔describes the medical condition that resulted in the
patient's call to 911
✔✔compromised airway - ✔✔"I can't breathe", "I can't swallow", "I'm choking"
✔✔breathing problem, lack of oxygen, cardiac tamponade - ✔✔"let me sit up"
✔✔blood loss, lack of oxygen - ✔✔"please help me", "I'm going to die"
✔✔blood loss - ✔✔"I'm thirsty"
✔✔spinal cord injury - ✔✔"I can't move my legs"
✔✔irritation of the abdominal lining - ✔✔"my belly hurts"
✔✔significant injury - ✔✔"please do something for my pain"
✔✔patient assessment - ✔✔1. Scene size-up
2. Primary survey
3. General impression (appearance, breathing)
4. Airway
5. Breathing
6. Circulation
7. Disability
8. Expose
✔✔general impression - ✔✔first impression of the patient's complaint
"sick or not-sick approach"
based on 3 main factors:
1. appearance: eyes should be open
2. breathing: both sides of the chest rise and fall equally
3. circulation: skin color should be normal for ethnic group
AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 ALL RATED A+
✔✔inflammation - ✔✔tissue reaction to disease, injury, irritation, or infection
characterized by pain, heat, redness, swelling, and sometimes loss of function
✔✔antigen - ✔✔any substance foreign to an individual causing antibody production
✔✔allergen - ✔✔antigen that causes signs/symptoms of an allergic reaction
✔✔scene size-up - ✔✔survey the scene to determine any threats and nature of the
call/whether or not backup is necessary
✔✔components of scene size-up - ✔✔Taking standard precautions
Evaluating scene safety
Determining mechanism of injury
Determining total number of patients
Determining need for additional resources
✔✔scene survey - ✔✔assessment of the entire scene and surroundings to ensure well-
being
✔✔clues of potential violence - ✔✔Knowledge of prior violence at a location
Evidence of alcohol or other substance use
Weapons visible or in use
Loud voices, fighting, or the potential for fighting
✔✔patient safety - ✔✔Protecting the patient from curious onlookers
Assessing for traffic and other hazards
Protecting the patient from glass and other debris during extrication procedures
Protecting the patient from environmental temperature extremes
✔✔trauma patient - ✔✔one who has experienced an injury from an external force
✔✔medical patient - ✔✔one whose condition is caused by an illness
✔✔Mechanism of injury - ✔✔the way in which an injury occurs
✔✔kinetic energy - ✔✔energy of motion
✔✔kinematics - ✔✔science of analyzing the mechanism of injury and predicting injury
patters
, ✔✔Determining the amount of injury - ✔✔type of energy applied, how quickly the
energy was applied, the part of the body affected by energy
✔✔blunt trauma - ✔✔any MOI that occurs without actual penetration of the body
✔✔penetrating trauma - ✔✔any MOI that causes a cut or piercing of skin
✔✔Motor vehicle crash (MVC) - ✔✔Vehicle strikes an object, occupant collides with
interior, internal organs collide with other organs
✔✔nature of the illness - ✔✔describes the medical condition that resulted in the
patient's call to 911
✔✔compromised airway - ✔✔"I can't breathe", "I can't swallow", "I'm choking"
✔✔breathing problem, lack of oxygen, cardiac tamponade - ✔✔"let me sit up"
✔✔blood loss, lack of oxygen - ✔✔"please help me", "I'm going to die"
✔✔blood loss - ✔✔"I'm thirsty"
✔✔spinal cord injury - ✔✔"I can't move my legs"
✔✔irritation of the abdominal lining - ✔✔"my belly hurts"
✔✔significant injury - ✔✔"please do something for my pain"
✔✔patient assessment - ✔✔1. Scene size-up
2. Primary survey
3. General impression (appearance, breathing)
4. Airway
5. Breathing
6. Circulation
7. Disability
8. Expose
✔✔general impression - ✔✔first impression of the patient's complaint
"sick or not-sick approach"
based on 3 main factors:
1. appearance: eyes should be open
2. breathing: both sides of the chest rise and fall equally
3. circulation: skin color should be normal for ethnic group
