Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical
ST
Therapy – 3rd Edition
UV
TEST BANK
IA
?_
Ellen Hillegass
AP
PR
Comprehensive Test Bank for Instructors
OV
and Students
ED
© Ellen Hillegass
All rights reserved. Reproduction or distribution without permission is prohibited.
?
Created by MedConnoisseur ©2025/2026
, Table of Contents
Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy – 3rd Edition
ST
Ellen Hillegass
UV
Section 1: Anatomy & Physiology
1. Anatomy of the Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems
2. Physiology of the Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems
Section 2: Pathophysiology
IA
3. Ischemic Cardiovascular Conditions and Other Vascular Pathologies
4. Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction and Failure
5. Restrictive Lung Dysfunction
?_
6. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
7. Cardiopulmonary Implications of Specific Diseases
Section 3: Diagnostic Tests & Procedures
AP
8. Cardiovascular Diagnostic Tests & Procedures
9. Electrocardiography
10. Pulmonary Diagnostic Tests & Procedures
Section 4: Surgical Interventions, Monitoring & Support
PR
11. Cardiovascular & Thoracic Interventions
12. Thoracic Organ Transplantation: Heart, Heart–Lung & Lung
13. Monitoring & Life-Support Equipment
Section 5: Pharmacology
OV
14. Cardiovascular Medications
15. Pulmonary Medications
Section 6: Cardiopulmonary Assessment & Intervention
16. Examination & Assessment Procedures
ED
17. Interventions for Acute Cardiopulmonary Conditions
18. Interventions & Prevention Measures for Individuals with Cardiovascular
Disease or at Risk
19. Pulmonary Rehabilitation
20. Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy
?
21. The Lymphatic System
22. Outcome Measures: A Guide for Evidence-Based Practice
Created by MedConnoisseur ©2025/2026
, Hillegass: Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy, 3rd Edition
Chapter 1: Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
ST
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
UV
1. Which of the following chest wall structures is located level with the second costal cartilage
anteriorly and thoracic vertebra T4 and T5 posteriorly?
A. Sternal angle
B. Jugular notch
C. Xiphoid process
D. Third costal cartilage
IA
ANS: A
The sternal angle of the “angle of Louis” is level with the second costal cartilage anteriorly and
thoracic vertebrae T4 and T5 posteriorly.
?_
PTS: 1
2. Pectus excuvatum is BEST described as:
A. Deformity of the sternum caused by trauma
AP
B. Caved-in appearance of the chest
C. Diminished rib angle anteriorly
D. Conical shape of the thoracic cage
ANS: B
Pectus excuvatum is a common congenital deformity of the anterior wall of the chest, in which
PR
several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally; it produces a caved-in or sunken appearance of
the chest.
PTS: 1
OV
3. The true ribs are BEST defined by which of the following statements?
A. Vertebrochondral ribs
B. Vertebrosternal ribs
C. Ribs 11 and 12
D. Ribs 8, 9, and 10
ANS: B
ED
The first seven ribs attach via their costal cartilages to the sternum and are called the true ribs
(also known as the vertebrosternal ribs).
PTS: 1
?
Copyright ©2011, 2001, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
, Test Bank 1-2
4. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate for a patient with lower rib fractures?
A. Short, shallow breaths
ST
B. Pursed lip breathing
C. Deep breaths with splinting
D. Breathing with arms raised
ANS: C
UV
It is important for all therapists to recommend breathing (deep breathing), splinting (i.e., pillow),
and coughing strategies for patients with rib fractures.
PTS: 1
5. Which of the following positions facilitates greater excursion of both hemidiaphragms at rest?
IA
A. Supine position
B. Sidelying position
C. Standing position
D. Sitting position
?_
ANS: A
In the supine position, without the effects of gravity, the level of the diaphragm in the thoracic
cavity rises. This allows for a relatively greater excursion.
PTS: 1
AP
6. Which of the following muscles help to achieve the active process of inspiration at rest?
A. Sternocleidomastoid
B. Diaphragm
C. Abdominal muscles
PR
D. Trapezius
ANS: B
The diaphragm and internal intercostals (intercartilaginous portion) are the essential muscles to
achieve the active process of inspiration at rest. Abdominal muscles assist with expiration. The
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius are accessory muscles and assist with a more forceful
OV
inspiration.
PTS: 1
7. Which of the following accessory muscles of ventilation function to elevate and fix the first and
second ribs?
ED
A. Sternocleidomastoid muscle
B. Serratus anterior
C. Latissimus dorsi
D. Scalene muscle
ANS: D
?
Copyright ©2011, 2001, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
ST
Therapy – 3rd Edition
UV
TEST BANK
IA
?_
Ellen Hillegass
AP
PR
Comprehensive Test Bank for Instructors
OV
and Students
ED
© Ellen Hillegass
All rights reserved. Reproduction or distribution without permission is prohibited.
?
Created by MedConnoisseur ©2025/2026
, Table of Contents
Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy – 3rd Edition
ST
Ellen Hillegass
UV
Section 1: Anatomy & Physiology
1. Anatomy of the Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems
2. Physiology of the Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems
Section 2: Pathophysiology
IA
3. Ischemic Cardiovascular Conditions and Other Vascular Pathologies
4. Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction and Failure
5. Restrictive Lung Dysfunction
?_
6. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
7. Cardiopulmonary Implications of Specific Diseases
Section 3: Diagnostic Tests & Procedures
AP
8. Cardiovascular Diagnostic Tests & Procedures
9. Electrocardiography
10. Pulmonary Diagnostic Tests & Procedures
Section 4: Surgical Interventions, Monitoring & Support
PR
11. Cardiovascular & Thoracic Interventions
12. Thoracic Organ Transplantation: Heart, Heart–Lung & Lung
13. Monitoring & Life-Support Equipment
Section 5: Pharmacology
OV
14. Cardiovascular Medications
15. Pulmonary Medications
Section 6: Cardiopulmonary Assessment & Intervention
16. Examination & Assessment Procedures
ED
17. Interventions for Acute Cardiopulmonary Conditions
18. Interventions & Prevention Measures for Individuals with Cardiovascular
Disease or at Risk
19. Pulmonary Rehabilitation
20. Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy
?
21. The Lymphatic System
22. Outcome Measures: A Guide for Evidence-Based Practice
Created by MedConnoisseur ©2025/2026
, Hillegass: Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy, 3rd Edition
Chapter 1: Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
ST
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
UV
1. Which of the following chest wall structures is located level with the second costal cartilage
anteriorly and thoracic vertebra T4 and T5 posteriorly?
A. Sternal angle
B. Jugular notch
C. Xiphoid process
D. Third costal cartilage
IA
ANS: A
The sternal angle of the “angle of Louis” is level with the second costal cartilage anteriorly and
thoracic vertebrae T4 and T5 posteriorly.
?_
PTS: 1
2. Pectus excuvatum is BEST described as:
A. Deformity of the sternum caused by trauma
AP
B. Caved-in appearance of the chest
C. Diminished rib angle anteriorly
D. Conical shape of the thoracic cage
ANS: B
Pectus excuvatum is a common congenital deformity of the anterior wall of the chest, in which
PR
several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally; it produces a caved-in or sunken appearance of
the chest.
PTS: 1
OV
3. The true ribs are BEST defined by which of the following statements?
A. Vertebrochondral ribs
B. Vertebrosternal ribs
C. Ribs 11 and 12
D. Ribs 8, 9, and 10
ANS: B
ED
The first seven ribs attach via their costal cartilages to the sternum and are called the true ribs
(also known as the vertebrosternal ribs).
PTS: 1
?
Copyright ©2011, 2001, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
, Test Bank 1-2
4. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate for a patient with lower rib fractures?
A. Short, shallow breaths
ST
B. Pursed lip breathing
C. Deep breaths with splinting
D. Breathing with arms raised
ANS: C
UV
It is important for all therapists to recommend breathing (deep breathing), splinting (i.e., pillow),
and coughing strategies for patients with rib fractures.
PTS: 1
5. Which of the following positions facilitates greater excursion of both hemidiaphragms at rest?
IA
A. Supine position
B. Sidelying position
C. Standing position
D. Sitting position
?_
ANS: A
In the supine position, without the effects of gravity, the level of the diaphragm in the thoracic
cavity rises. This allows for a relatively greater excursion.
PTS: 1
AP
6. Which of the following muscles help to achieve the active process of inspiration at rest?
A. Sternocleidomastoid
B. Diaphragm
C. Abdominal muscles
PR
D. Trapezius
ANS: B
The diaphragm and internal intercostals (intercartilaginous portion) are the essential muscles to
achieve the active process of inspiration at rest. Abdominal muscles assist with expiration. The
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius are accessory muscles and assist with a more forceful
OV
inspiration.
PTS: 1
7. Which of the following accessory muscles of ventilation function to elevate and fix the first and
second ribs?
ED
A. Sternocleidomastoid muscle
B. Serratus anterior
C. Latissimus dorsi
D. Scalene muscle
ANS: D
?
Copyright ©2011, 2001, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
