Developmental Psychopathology lectures and literature
Inhoud
Chapter 1 Introduction........................................................................................ 2
Chapter 2 Models of Child Development, Psychopathology and Treatment.........3
Chapter 3 Research Strategies in Developmental Psychopathology...................4
Chapter 4 Classification, Assessment and Diagnosis, and Intervention..............5
Chapter 5 disorders of early childhood................................................................6
Lecture introduction............................................................................................ 7
Lecture 2 Autism and ADHD................................................................................. 14
Chapter 7 Autism Spectrum Disorder................................................................14
Chapter 9 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder...........................................15
Article on Double Empathy, Crompton et al, 2021............................................15
Article on ADHD and language van French et al................................................16
Lecture 2 Inattention, hyperactivity (ADHD), social communication differences
and repetitive behaviors (AUTISM)....................................................................16
Lecture 3 Intellectual Developmental Disorder.....................................................20
Chapter 6 Intellectual Development Disorder and Learning Disorders..............20
Lecture 3 Intellectual Developmental Disorder.................................................21
Lecture 4 Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents............................23
Chapter 11 Anxiety Disorder, OCD, and somatic symptoms disorders..............23
Chapter 12: depressive Disorders, Bipolar Disorders and Suicidality................23
Lecture 4 Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents.........................24
Lecture 5 Anorexia Nervosa, Eating Disorders......................................................29
Chapter 13 Eating Disorders............................................................................. 30
Lecture 5 Body Image in Anorexia Nervosa.......................................................30
Lecture 6 Trauma and the Family..........................................................................33
Chapter 8: Maltreatment and Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders.............33
Lecture 6 Trauma and the Family......................................................................33
Lecture 7 Developmental Language Disorder.......................................................36
Article McKean (2018): Developmental Language Disorder..............................36
Lecture 7 Developmental Language Disorder (DLD).........................................37
Lecture 8 Dyslexia and Dyscalculia......................................................................42
Article Snowling (2020): Defining and understanding dyslexia: past, present and
future................................................................................................................ 42
Article De Smedt (2020): Individual differences in mathematical cognition: a
Bert's eye view.................................................................................................. 43
Lecture 8 Dyslexia and dyscalculia....................................................................43
Lecture 9 Substance Use...................................................................................... 50
,Developmental Psychopathology lectures and literature
Chapter 14 Substance Related disorders, Personality Disorders, and Psychotic
Disorders........................................................................................................... 50
Lecture 9 International teen trends in substance use: What’s driving them?....51
Lecture 10 Disruptive behavior disorders.............................................................53
Chapter 10 Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder......................53
Lecture 10 OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER & CONDUCT DISORDER A
DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE.........................................................................54
Lecture Introduction developmental
psychopathology
Preparation
Chapter 1 Introduction
Key terms
- Statistical deviance= the infrequency of certain emotions, cognitions,
and/or behaviors.
o When a child displays too much or too little of any age-expected
behavior, they might have a disorder. (How much does the child’s
behavior deviate from peers)
- Sociocultural norms= the beliefs and expectations of a given time or
place or of a group of people, about what kind of emotions, cognitions
and/or behaviors are problematic, undesirable, or unacceptable.
- Mental health definitions= theoretically or clinically based notions of
distress and dysfunction
- Psychopathology= intense, frequent and/or persistent maladaptive
patterns of emotion, cognition and behavior.
- Developmental psychopathology= these maladaptive patterns occur in
the context of typical development and result in the current and potential
impairment of infants, children and adolescents.
- Developmental epidemiology= ontwikkeling en waarom en hoe van
problemen
- Prevalence= the proportion of a population with a disorder
- Incidence= the rate at which new cases arise.
- Barriers to care= what is stopping care from happening (e.g.
transportation issues or lack of provider availability).
- Stigmatization= the process by which individuals or groups are socially
discredited, devalued, or discriminated against based on a perceived
difference or undesirable characteristic
Chapter summary
- Disorders in children and adolescents may be defined or identified in
various ways. Statistical deviance refers to the relative frequency or
infrequency of a specific emotion, cognition or behavior in comparison to a
sample group. Sociocultural norms refer to the beliefs and expectations of
certain groups about what kinds of emotions, cognitions, and/or behaviors
are undesirable or unacceptable. Mental health definitions refer to mental
health professionals’ descriptions of youth illness and well-being.
,Developmental Psychopathology lectures and literature
- Defining and identifying disorders depends of value judgements. The role
of values is observed in definitions that focus on statistical deviance,
sociocultural norms, and mental health perspectives. Values also influence
our understanding of poor adaptation, adequate adaptation, and optimal
adaptation.
- Developmental psychopathology refers to intense, frequent, and/or
persistent maladaptive patterns of emotion, cognition, and behavior
considered within the context of typical development and resulting in the
current and potential impairment of infants, children and adolescents.
- Estimating rates of disorders in children and adolescents involves (1)
identifying children who experience distress and dysfunction; (2)
calculating levels of general categories of disorders and specific subtypes
of disorders; and (3) tracking changing trends in various rates of disorders.
- Developmental epidemiology is focused on the frequencies and patterns of
disorders in children and adolescents. Prevalence refers to all current cases
of a set of disorders. Incidence refers to the number of new cases in a
given time period. Although specific study results vary, many estimates
suggest that significant numbers of children and adolescents struggle with
disorders that are associated with serious impairment.
- Allocation of resources and the availability of and access to care are critical
issues. Many children experiencing distress and dysfunction are not
identified or diagnosed. Many children who are diagnosed are not able to
access mental health services.
- Barriers to care include the structure and funding of the mental health care
system, negative perceptions about mental health and mental illness, and
negative perceptions about mental health treatments. Stigmatization is
another barrier to care.
- The globalization of children’s mental health involves the recognition of
children’s experiences of distress, dysfunction, and unmet needs around
the globe. Children in resource-poor locations are at higher risk for poor
adaptation and poor outcomes.
Chapter 2 Models of Child Development, Psychopathology and Treatment
- Models of development, psychopathology, and treatment help direct
research efforts, explain typical and atypical adaptation over time,
organize clinical observations, and design treatment programs.
- Dimensional models of psychopathology emphasize the gradual transition
from the typical range of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors to clinically
significant problems and disorders.
- Categorical models of psychopathology emphasize the differences
between distinct patterns of emotion, cognition, and behavior that reflect
typical functioning and those that define clinical disorders.
- Physiological models emphasize brain structure and function, brain growth
and development in environmental contexts, brain-body-behavior
processes, and genes and environments. Increasingly complex models of
development and disorder examine the influence of genes by
environments by time. Behavior genetics and epigenetics are the focus of
current theory and research.
, Developmental Psychopathology lectures and literature
- Psychodynamic models emphasize unconscious cognitive and emotional
processes, mental representations of self, other, and relationships, the
meaningfulness of experiences, and a developmental framework.
- Behavioral models emphasize the individual in environmental context, the
impact of environmental factors, and processes of learning and
reinforcement.
- Cognitive models emphasize evolutionary theory, the social context of
early cognition, both qualitative and quantitative change over time, and
connections to academic skills and education.
- Humanistic models emphasize the potential for growth and holistic
perspectives on the self. Positive psychology models emphasize the ways
in which positive institutions promote the well-being of individuals, families
and communities.
- Family models emphasize development and disorder within a family
context. Parent factors and family factors are the focus of theory and
research. Peer factors are another important influence on development and
disorder.
- Sociocultural models emphasize the importance of the social context,
including gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status in the
development, course, and treatment of psychopathology.
Chapter 3 Research Strategies in Developmental Psychopathology
- Developmental psychopathology focusses on the developmental context
within which maladaptive patters of emotion, cognition and behavior occur.
- The study of developmental pathways highlights patters of adaptation and
maladaptation over time.
- Equifinality refers to developmental pathways in which differing
circumstances lead to the same diagnosis, whereas multifinality refers to
developmental pathways in which similar beginnings lead to different
outcomes.
- The developmental pathways model emphasizes the ongoing possibility of
change over time.
- Coherence in development reflects the logical links between early
developmental variables and later outcomes. Continuity is found in
understanding the relationship between outcomes and the variables that
lead to stability or change.
- Competence, from a developmental perspective, reflects effective
functioning in relation to relevant developmental tasks and issues;
evaluations of competence are embedded in the environment within which
development is occurring.
- Risk is defined as increased vulnerability to disorder, while risk factors are
the individual, family, and sociocultural characteristics that are associated
with this increased vulnerability. The types of risk factors, the numbers of
risk factors, and the timing of risk factors contribute to overall risk.
- Resilience is defined as adaptation despite adversity and protective
factors are the individual, family and sociocultural characteristics that are
associated with this positive adaptation.
Inhoud
Chapter 1 Introduction........................................................................................ 2
Chapter 2 Models of Child Development, Psychopathology and Treatment.........3
Chapter 3 Research Strategies in Developmental Psychopathology...................4
Chapter 4 Classification, Assessment and Diagnosis, and Intervention..............5
Chapter 5 disorders of early childhood................................................................6
Lecture introduction............................................................................................ 7
Lecture 2 Autism and ADHD................................................................................. 14
Chapter 7 Autism Spectrum Disorder................................................................14
Chapter 9 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder...........................................15
Article on Double Empathy, Crompton et al, 2021............................................15
Article on ADHD and language van French et al................................................16
Lecture 2 Inattention, hyperactivity (ADHD), social communication differences
and repetitive behaviors (AUTISM)....................................................................16
Lecture 3 Intellectual Developmental Disorder.....................................................20
Chapter 6 Intellectual Development Disorder and Learning Disorders..............20
Lecture 3 Intellectual Developmental Disorder.................................................21
Lecture 4 Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents............................23
Chapter 11 Anxiety Disorder, OCD, and somatic symptoms disorders..............23
Chapter 12: depressive Disorders, Bipolar Disorders and Suicidality................23
Lecture 4 Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents.........................24
Lecture 5 Anorexia Nervosa, Eating Disorders......................................................29
Chapter 13 Eating Disorders............................................................................. 30
Lecture 5 Body Image in Anorexia Nervosa.......................................................30
Lecture 6 Trauma and the Family..........................................................................33
Chapter 8: Maltreatment and Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders.............33
Lecture 6 Trauma and the Family......................................................................33
Lecture 7 Developmental Language Disorder.......................................................36
Article McKean (2018): Developmental Language Disorder..............................36
Lecture 7 Developmental Language Disorder (DLD).........................................37
Lecture 8 Dyslexia and Dyscalculia......................................................................42
Article Snowling (2020): Defining and understanding dyslexia: past, present and
future................................................................................................................ 42
Article De Smedt (2020): Individual differences in mathematical cognition: a
Bert's eye view.................................................................................................. 43
Lecture 8 Dyslexia and dyscalculia....................................................................43
Lecture 9 Substance Use...................................................................................... 50
,Developmental Psychopathology lectures and literature
Chapter 14 Substance Related disorders, Personality Disorders, and Psychotic
Disorders........................................................................................................... 50
Lecture 9 International teen trends in substance use: What’s driving them?....51
Lecture 10 Disruptive behavior disorders.............................................................53
Chapter 10 Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder......................53
Lecture 10 OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER & CONDUCT DISORDER A
DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE.........................................................................54
Lecture Introduction developmental
psychopathology
Preparation
Chapter 1 Introduction
Key terms
- Statistical deviance= the infrequency of certain emotions, cognitions,
and/or behaviors.
o When a child displays too much or too little of any age-expected
behavior, they might have a disorder. (How much does the child’s
behavior deviate from peers)
- Sociocultural norms= the beliefs and expectations of a given time or
place or of a group of people, about what kind of emotions, cognitions
and/or behaviors are problematic, undesirable, or unacceptable.
- Mental health definitions= theoretically or clinically based notions of
distress and dysfunction
- Psychopathology= intense, frequent and/or persistent maladaptive
patterns of emotion, cognition and behavior.
- Developmental psychopathology= these maladaptive patterns occur in
the context of typical development and result in the current and potential
impairment of infants, children and adolescents.
- Developmental epidemiology= ontwikkeling en waarom en hoe van
problemen
- Prevalence= the proportion of a population with a disorder
- Incidence= the rate at which new cases arise.
- Barriers to care= what is stopping care from happening (e.g.
transportation issues or lack of provider availability).
- Stigmatization= the process by which individuals or groups are socially
discredited, devalued, or discriminated against based on a perceived
difference or undesirable characteristic
Chapter summary
- Disorders in children and adolescents may be defined or identified in
various ways. Statistical deviance refers to the relative frequency or
infrequency of a specific emotion, cognition or behavior in comparison to a
sample group. Sociocultural norms refer to the beliefs and expectations of
certain groups about what kinds of emotions, cognitions, and/or behaviors
are undesirable or unacceptable. Mental health definitions refer to mental
health professionals’ descriptions of youth illness and well-being.
,Developmental Psychopathology lectures and literature
- Defining and identifying disorders depends of value judgements. The role
of values is observed in definitions that focus on statistical deviance,
sociocultural norms, and mental health perspectives. Values also influence
our understanding of poor adaptation, adequate adaptation, and optimal
adaptation.
- Developmental psychopathology refers to intense, frequent, and/or
persistent maladaptive patterns of emotion, cognition, and behavior
considered within the context of typical development and resulting in the
current and potential impairment of infants, children and adolescents.
- Estimating rates of disorders in children and adolescents involves (1)
identifying children who experience distress and dysfunction; (2)
calculating levels of general categories of disorders and specific subtypes
of disorders; and (3) tracking changing trends in various rates of disorders.
- Developmental epidemiology is focused on the frequencies and patterns of
disorders in children and adolescents. Prevalence refers to all current cases
of a set of disorders. Incidence refers to the number of new cases in a
given time period. Although specific study results vary, many estimates
suggest that significant numbers of children and adolescents struggle with
disorders that are associated with serious impairment.
- Allocation of resources and the availability of and access to care are critical
issues. Many children experiencing distress and dysfunction are not
identified or diagnosed. Many children who are diagnosed are not able to
access mental health services.
- Barriers to care include the structure and funding of the mental health care
system, negative perceptions about mental health and mental illness, and
negative perceptions about mental health treatments. Stigmatization is
another barrier to care.
- The globalization of children’s mental health involves the recognition of
children’s experiences of distress, dysfunction, and unmet needs around
the globe. Children in resource-poor locations are at higher risk for poor
adaptation and poor outcomes.
Chapter 2 Models of Child Development, Psychopathology and Treatment
- Models of development, psychopathology, and treatment help direct
research efforts, explain typical and atypical adaptation over time,
organize clinical observations, and design treatment programs.
- Dimensional models of psychopathology emphasize the gradual transition
from the typical range of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors to clinically
significant problems and disorders.
- Categorical models of psychopathology emphasize the differences
between distinct patterns of emotion, cognition, and behavior that reflect
typical functioning and those that define clinical disorders.
- Physiological models emphasize brain structure and function, brain growth
and development in environmental contexts, brain-body-behavior
processes, and genes and environments. Increasingly complex models of
development and disorder examine the influence of genes by
environments by time. Behavior genetics and epigenetics are the focus of
current theory and research.
, Developmental Psychopathology lectures and literature
- Psychodynamic models emphasize unconscious cognitive and emotional
processes, mental representations of self, other, and relationships, the
meaningfulness of experiences, and a developmental framework.
- Behavioral models emphasize the individual in environmental context, the
impact of environmental factors, and processes of learning and
reinforcement.
- Cognitive models emphasize evolutionary theory, the social context of
early cognition, both qualitative and quantitative change over time, and
connections to academic skills and education.
- Humanistic models emphasize the potential for growth and holistic
perspectives on the self. Positive psychology models emphasize the ways
in which positive institutions promote the well-being of individuals, families
and communities.
- Family models emphasize development and disorder within a family
context. Parent factors and family factors are the focus of theory and
research. Peer factors are another important influence on development and
disorder.
- Sociocultural models emphasize the importance of the social context,
including gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status in the
development, course, and treatment of psychopathology.
Chapter 3 Research Strategies in Developmental Psychopathology
- Developmental psychopathology focusses on the developmental context
within which maladaptive patters of emotion, cognition and behavior occur.
- The study of developmental pathways highlights patters of adaptation and
maladaptation over time.
- Equifinality refers to developmental pathways in which differing
circumstances lead to the same diagnosis, whereas multifinality refers to
developmental pathways in which similar beginnings lead to different
outcomes.
- The developmental pathways model emphasizes the ongoing possibility of
change over time.
- Coherence in development reflects the logical links between early
developmental variables and later outcomes. Continuity is found in
understanding the relationship between outcomes and the variables that
lead to stability or change.
- Competence, from a developmental perspective, reflects effective
functioning in relation to relevant developmental tasks and issues;
evaluations of competence are embedded in the environment within which
development is occurring.
- Risk is defined as increased vulnerability to disorder, while risk factors are
the individual, family, and sociocultural characteristics that are associated
with this increased vulnerability. The types of risk factors, the numbers of
risk factors, and the timing of risk factors contribute to overall risk.
- Resilience is defined as adaptation despite adversity and protective
factors are the individual, family and sociocultural characteristics that are
associated with this positive adaptation.
