Louisiana Arborist Exam / Louisiana Arborist
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What best defines the permanent wilting point soil moisture condition?
(A) Water is present in macro and micropores
(B) The condition present immediately after the removal of gravitational water
(C) Water is held by soil but unavailable to plants such that they can't recover
(D) No water present in soil –
Correct Answer :Water needs to be available for uptake. If not, the tree will begin to feel the stress
of dehydration and wilting will begin to occur. If the lack of water persists over a sufficient amount
of time, the tree will not be able to recover and has reached the permanent wilting point.
The answer is (C)
What soil below most likely has the lowest infiltration rate?
(A) Loose sand
(B) Compacted sand
(C) Loose clay
(D) Compacted clay –
Correct Answer :Infiltration is the ability of water to penetrate the soil structure. The presence of
pores allows the water to more easily flow through. In general, clay has smaller pores than sand. In
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addition, compacted soil will further reduce these openings and make it more difficult for the water
to infiltrate.
The answer is (D)
What major soil horizon category is not included in the zone designated as topsoil?
(A) A
(B) O
(C) E
(D) C –
Correct Answer :The horizons O, A, E, and parts of B are considered the topsoil.
The answer is (D)
What soil type is most easily compacted?
(A) Sand
(B) Clay
(C) Silt
(D) Bedrock
- Correct Answer :Since clay has the smallest individual particles, it may be compressed to minimize
the amount of space between the particles more easily than other soil types.
The answer is (B)
What is not a tree characteristic which helps to prevent the loss of water?
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(A) Increased leaf surface area
(B) Deep root systems
(C) Leaf hairs
(D) Waxy outer leaf layer
- Correct Answer :Trees are constantly fighting to ensure appropriate levels of water and to retain it
from excessive transpirational water loss. Different trees have certain aspects suited to keep
sufficient water levels. Deeper roots have a wider range of water to draw from. Leaves may have
outer layers or hairs to prevent the water from leaving too quickly. A larger surface area is
detrimental to a tree's water retention and some trees will have smaller leaves to help retain the
water.
The answer is (A)
What irrigation system type provides water slowly to specific areas of the tree root zone?
(A) Drip irrigation
(B) High-pressure injection
(C) Basin irrigation
(D) Soaker hose –
Correct Answer :Drip irrigation applies water in a slower fashion by emitters spread throughout the
root system. This is beneficial in areas of high slopes where runoff is a problem or when the water is
evaporating quickly.
The answer is (A)
Trees help to control stormwater runoff by all of the following means except:
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(A) Trees hold water on bark and leaves
(B) Roots intercept and retain runoff
(C) Fallen leaves create a layer of absorption on the ground
(D) All of the above –
Correct Answer :Trees can contribute to runoff control in several ways including:
• Holding rain on leaves and bark
• Roots retaining soil water
• Fallen leaves create a layer on the ground that prevents it from making it to the ground
The answer is (D)
What is not an advantage of the use of mulching?
(A) Improve infiltration
(B) Promote deep root system
(C) Reduce soil evaporation
(D) Limit weed competition –
Correct Answer :Mulching provides a layer above the soil that can retain water and help to improve
the infiltration as well as reduce evaporation. The mulch also will prevent weeds from growing in the
surrounding area which can steal water from the tree. It does not have an impact on the structure of
the root system.
The answer is (B)
What is the minimum slope for drainage pipes placed above an impervious layer?
(A) 1/16" per ft
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