BRAND NEW 2025-2026(UPDATED LATEST
VERSION) FOR FUNDAMENTALS OF
NURSING EXAM |QUESTIONS,DETAILED
ANSWERS & ITALLIC RATIONALES A+
AGRADED
1. What is the primary goal of nursing care?
To promote health, prevent illness, and
restore wellness.
Focuses on the client’s overall well-being.
2. What is evidence-based practice?
Using current best evidence in clinical
decisions.
Improves care quality and outcomes.
3. What is asepsis?
Freedom from disease-causing
microorganisms.
Prevents infection.
4. What is medical asepsis?
Techniques that reduce the number of
pathogens.
Used in daily nursing procedures.
5. What is surgical asepsis?
Elimination of all microorganisms from an
area.
Used during sterile procedures.
, 6. What is the proper handwashing duration?
At least 20 seconds with soap and water.
Removes transient flora.
7. What is standard precaution?
Treating all body fluids as potentially
infectious.
Prevents disease transmission.
8. What is the most effective infection control
method?
Hand hygiene.
Stops spread of microorganisms.
9. What is the normal adult heart rate?
60–100 beats per minute.
Indicates healthy cardiac function.
10. What is orthostatic hypotension?
A drop in blood pressure upon standing.
Caused by blood pooling in lower extremities.
Pharmacology
11. What is pharmacokinetics?
How the body absorbs, distributes,
metabolizes, and excretes drugs.
Determines drug effect and timing.
, 12. What is pharmacodynamics?
How drugs act on target cells to produce
effects.
Explains mechanism of action.
13. What is the “first-pass effect”?
Liver metabolism reducing drug
concentration before reaching circulation.
Affects oral drug bioavailability.
14. What is a therapeutic range?
Drug concentration between effectiveness and
toxicity.
Ensures safe dosing.
15. What is half-life?
Time for plasma drug concentration to
reduce by half.
Determines dosing intervals.
16. What is a side effect?
Unintended but predictable secondary drug
effect.
Usually mild and manageable.
17. What is an adverse effect?
Severe unintended drug response.
Requires discontinuation or medical attention.
VERSION) FOR FUNDAMENTALS OF
NURSING EXAM |QUESTIONS,DETAILED
ANSWERS & ITALLIC RATIONALES A+
AGRADED
1. What is the primary goal of nursing care?
To promote health, prevent illness, and
restore wellness.
Focuses on the client’s overall well-being.
2. What is evidence-based practice?
Using current best evidence in clinical
decisions.
Improves care quality and outcomes.
3. What is asepsis?
Freedom from disease-causing
microorganisms.
Prevents infection.
4. What is medical asepsis?
Techniques that reduce the number of
pathogens.
Used in daily nursing procedures.
5. What is surgical asepsis?
Elimination of all microorganisms from an
area.
Used during sterile procedures.
, 6. What is the proper handwashing duration?
At least 20 seconds with soap and water.
Removes transient flora.
7. What is standard precaution?
Treating all body fluids as potentially
infectious.
Prevents disease transmission.
8. What is the most effective infection control
method?
Hand hygiene.
Stops spread of microorganisms.
9. What is the normal adult heart rate?
60–100 beats per minute.
Indicates healthy cardiac function.
10. What is orthostatic hypotension?
A drop in blood pressure upon standing.
Caused by blood pooling in lower extremities.
Pharmacology
11. What is pharmacokinetics?
How the body absorbs, distributes,
metabolizes, and excretes drugs.
Determines drug effect and timing.
, 12. What is pharmacodynamics?
How drugs act on target cells to produce
effects.
Explains mechanism of action.
13. What is the “first-pass effect”?
Liver metabolism reducing drug
concentration before reaching circulation.
Affects oral drug bioavailability.
14. What is a therapeutic range?
Drug concentration between effectiveness and
toxicity.
Ensures safe dosing.
15. What is half-life?
Time for plasma drug concentration to
reduce by half.
Determines dosing intervals.
16. What is a side effect?
Unintended but predictable secondary drug
effect.
Usually mild and manageable.
17. What is an adverse effect?
Severe unintended drug response.
Requires discontinuation or medical attention.
