ESTUDYR
ANTHRO 101 EXAM 2 UPDATED EXAM WITH MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | ASSURED SUCCESS
WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
During the eighteenth century the most commonly accepted explanation for the origin of species was:
A. Spontaneous generation
B. Lamarckian evolution
C. Creationism — the belief that biological similarities and differences originated at Creation and
could not change. ✓
D. Natural selection
Rationale: In the 18th century, many scholars accepted a fixed-creation view that species were created
as is.
Darwin’s key contribution to evolutionary theory was to propose a mechanism that drives evolution,
which is:
A. Genetic drift
B. Lamarckian inheritance
C. Gene flow
D. Natural selection. ✓
Rationale: Darwin proposed natural selection as the process by which inherited traits that increase
survival/reproduction become more common.
The sickle-cell allele provides an example that:
A. All mutations are harmful
B. Adaptive traits are universally beneficial
C. Adaptation and fitness are relative to specific environments; a trait can be beneficial in one
environment and harmful in another. ✓
D. Sickle-cell allele confers universal protection against all diseases
Rationale: The HbS allele can protect heterozygotes against malaria (advantage in malarial regions)
while causing disease in homozygotes.
Which of the following statements about the HbS (sickle-cell) allele is FALSE?
A. Heterozygotes (HbA/HbS) often have some resistance to malaria.
B. Homozygotes (HbS/HbS) can develop sickle-cell disease causing severe health problems.
C. The allele frequency of HbS can be maintained by balancing selection where malaria is common.
D. Homozygous individuals usually develop fatal cases of dysentery. ✓
Rationale: Sickle-cell disease causes anemia and vaso-occlusive issues, not dysentery; dysentery is
unrelated.
Natural selection is the only mechanism driving genetic evolution.
A. True
, ESTUDYR
B. False. ✓
C. Only in plants
D. Only in bacteria
Rationale: Other mechanisms (mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, nonrandom mating) also change allele
frequencies.
For natural selection to operate on a population, which condition must be met?
A. Every individual must be identical
B. No migration between populations
C. There must be variation within the population. ✓
D. Only dominant alleles must exist
Rationale: Heritable variation among individuals is required for selection to favor some over others.
Recessive traits are expressed only in homozygous individuals.
A. True. ✓
B. False
C. Only in heterozygotes
D. Only when dominant traits are absent in the species
Rationale: Recessive alleles typically require two copies (homozygous recessive) to show the recessive
phenotype (exceptions exist, but principle holds).
The statement “Genotype refers to expressed physical traits” is:
A. True
B. False. ✓
C. True for viruses only
D. True when environment is constant
Rationale: Genotype = genetic makeup; phenotype = expressed physical traits.
Mutations introduce genetic variation into a gene pool.
A. False
B. True. ✓
C. Only through sexual reproduction
D. Only when induced by humans
Rationale: Mutations create new alleles and are a primary source of genetic variation.
Which of the following about the biological concept of race in humans is TRUE?
A. Race is a strict, biologically meaningful subdivision of humans.
B. Race is useful for predicting personality traits.
C. Race is a discredited concept in biology as a strict biological classification. ✓
D. Humans are naturally divided into discrete biological races with no overlap.
Rationale: Modern biology recognizes human genetic variation as clinal and continuous; traditional
“race” categories lack discrete biological boundaries.
ANTHRO 101 EXAM 2 UPDATED EXAM WITH MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | ASSURED SUCCESS
WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
During the eighteenth century the most commonly accepted explanation for the origin of species was:
A. Spontaneous generation
B. Lamarckian evolution
C. Creationism — the belief that biological similarities and differences originated at Creation and
could not change. ✓
D. Natural selection
Rationale: In the 18th century, many scholars accepted a fixed-creation view that species were created
as is.
Darwin’s key contribution to evolutionary theory was to propose a mechanism that drives evolution,
which is:
A. Genetic drift
B. Lamarckian inheritance
C. Gene flow
D. Natural selection. ✓
Rationale: Darwin proposed natural selection as the process by which inherited traits that increase
survival/reproduction become more common.
The sickle-cell allele provides an example that:
A. All mutations are harmful
B. Adaptive traits are universally beneficial
C. Adaptation and fitness are relative to specific environments; a trait can be beneficial in one
environment and harmful in another. ✓
D. Sickle-cell allele confers universal protection against all diseases
Rationale: The HbS allele can protect heterozygotes against malaria (advantage in malarial regions)
while causing disease in homozygotes.
Which of the following statements about the HbS (sickle-cell) allele is FALSE?
A. Heterozygotes (HbA/HbS) often have some resistance to malaria.
B. Homozygotes (HbS/HbS) can develop sickle-cell disease causing severe health problems.
C. The allele frequency of HbS can be maintained by balancing selection where malaria is common.
D. Homozygous individuals usually develop fatal cases of dysentery. ✓
Rationale: Sickle-cell disease causes anemia and vaso-occlusive issues, not dysentery; dysentery is
unrelated.
Natural selection is the only mechanism driving genetic evolution.
A. True
, ESTUDYR
B. False. ✓
C. Only in plants
D. Only in bacteria
Rationale: Other mechanisms (mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, nonrandom mating) also change allele
frequencies.
For natural selection to operate on a population, which condition must be met?
A. Every individual must be identical
B. No migration between populations
C. There must be variation within the population. ✓
D. Only dominant alleles must exist
Rationale: Heritable variation among individuals is required for selection to favor some over others.
Recessive traits are expressed only in homozygous individuals.
A. True. ✓
B. False
C. Only in heterozygotes
D. Only when dominant traits are absent in the species
Rationale: Recessive alleles typically require two copies (homozygous recessive) to show the recessive
phenotype (exceptions exist, but principle holds).
The statement “Genotype refers to expressed physical traits” is:
A. True
B. False. ✓
C. True for viruses only
D. True when environment is constant
Rationale: Genotype = genetic makeup; phenotype = expressed physical traits.
Mutations introduce genetic variation into a gene pool.
A. False
B. True. ✓
C. Only through sexual reproduction
D. Only when induced by humans
Rationale: Mutations create new alleles and are a primary source of genetic variation.
Which of the following about the biological concept of race in humans is TRUE?
A. Race is a strict, biologically meaningful subdivision of humans.
B. Race is useful for predicting personality traits.
C. Race is a discredited concept in biology as a strict biological classification. ✓
D. Humans are naturally divided into discrete biological races with no overlap.
Rationale: Modern biology recognizes human genetic variation as clinal and continuous; traditional
“race” categories lack discrete biological boundaries.
