ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: 2025 EXAM 2
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Functions of the Integumentary System - correct answer--Resistance to trauma and infection
-Prevents loss or gain of water
-Vitamin D synthesis
-Sensory receptors for heat, cold, touch, texture, pressure, vibration, and tissue injury
-Thermoregulation
How does skin resist trauma and infection? - correct answer--
Skin has low pH to reduce bacteria and fungi
-Cells are packed closely together with tough protein called keratin
Name 3 ways the integumentary system thermoregulates? - correct answer--
Glands release sweat for evaporative cooling
- Vasoconstriction
- Vasodilation
Define: Vasoconstriction - correct answer-narrowing of blood vessels, reduces heat loss
Define: Vasodilation - correct answer-widening of blood vessels, increases heat loss
What are the 2 main parts of the integumentary system? - correct answer-Epidermis- outer layer
Dermis- underlying connective tissue
*Hypodermis not really part of the skin!*
What does the epidermis primarily consist of? - correct answer-
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What are the epidermal derivatives? - correct answer-glands, hair, nails
,What are the 4 main cell types in the epidermis? - correct answer-- Karatinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Tactile (Merkel) cells
- Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
Keratinocytes (functions) - correct answer-most numerous cell type, make fibrous protein keratin
Melanocytes (functions) - correct answer-synthesize pigment called melanin
Tactile cells (functions and 2nd name) - correct answer-
also called Merkel cells, receptors for the sense of touch, associated with a dermal nerve fiber
Dendritic cells (functions and 2nd name) - correct answer-
macrophages (big phagocytic cells) that kill microbes
What are the layers of the epidermis (list from bottom up)? - correct answer-- Stratum basale
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum corneum
What layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin? - correct answer-Straum lucidum
How many layers are found in the stratum basale? - correct answer-1 layer
What cells are found in the stratum basale? - correct answer-
stem cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile (merkel) cells
What is the importance of the stem cells in the stratum basale? - correct answer-
makes it mitotically active, the stem cells divide and give rise to keratinocytes
, How LL many LL layers LL are LL in LL the LL stratum LL spinosum? LL - LL correct LL answer-8-10 LL layers
What LLis LLthe LLappearance LLof LLthe LLcells LLin LLthe LLstratum LLspinosum, LLand
LLwhy? LL- LLcorrect LLanswer- L L The LLcells LLare LLflattened, LLwhich LLhappens LLas
LLthey LLare LLpushed LLupward
What LLis LLcontained LLin LLthe LLstratum LLspinosum? LL-
LLcorrect LLanswer- LLKeratinocytes, LLdendridic LL(langerhans)
LLcells
In LLwhich LLepidermis LLlayers LLdo LLkeratinocytes LLproduce LLwaterproofing LLsubstances?
LL- LLcorrect LLanswer- LLStratum LLspinosum, LLstratum LLgranulosum
What LLare LL the LL waterproofing LL substances LL produced LL by LL the LL keratinocytes? LL - LL correct
LL answer-keratin, LL lipids
How LL many LL layers LL are LL in LL the LL stratum LL granulosum? LL - LL correct LL answer-3-5 LL layers
In LLwhat LLlayer LLdo LLthe LLnuclei LLand LLorganelles LLbegin LLto LLdegenerate LLin LLthe
LLkeratinocytes? LL- LLcorrect LLanswer- L L stratum LLgranulosum
What LLdo LLthe LLcells LLlook LLlike LLin LLthe LLstratum LLgranulosum LLand
LLwhy? LL- LLcorrect LLanswer- LLThey LLcontinue LLto LLflatten LLbecause LLof
LLaccumulation LLof LLkeratin
How LL many LL layers LL are LL in LL the LL stratum LL lucidum, LL and LL what LL do LL they
LL look LL like? LL - LL correct LL answer-3- LL4 LLlayers LLof LLtranslucent LLcells
Why LL are LL the LL cells LL in LL the LL stratum LL lucidum LL translucent? LL - LL correct LL answer-the
LL clear LL protein LL named LL eleidin
How LL many LL layers LL are LL in LL the LL stratum LL corneum? LL - LL correct LL answer-up LL to LL 30
LL layers
What LLdo LL the LL layers LL of LL the LL stratum LL corneum LL consist LL of? LL - LL correct LL answer-dead
LL scaly LL keratinized LL cells
What LLare LL2 LLof LLthe LLmain LLpurposes LLof LLthe LLstratum LLcorneum? LL-
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Functions of the Integumentary System - correct answer--Resistance to trauma and infection
-Prevents loss or gain of water
-Vitamin D synthesis
-Sensory receptors for heat, cold, touch, texture, pressure, vibration, and tissue injury
-Thermoregulation
How does skin resist trauma and infection? - correct answer--
Skin has low pH to reduce bacteria and fungi
-Cells are packed closely together with tough protein called keratin
Name 3 ways the integumentary system thermoregulates? - correct answer--
Glands release sweat for evaporative cooling
- Vasoconstriction
- Vasodilation
Define: Vasoconstriction - correct answer-narrowing of blood vessels, reduces heat loss
Define: Vasodilation - correct answer-widening of blood vessels, increases heat loss
What are the 2 main parts of the integumentary system? - correct answer-Epidermis- outer layer
Dermis- underlying connective tissue
*Hypodermis not really part of the skin!*
What does the epidermis primarily consist of? - correct answer-
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What are the epidermal derivatives? - correct answer-glands, hair, nails
,What are the 4 main cell types in the epidermis? - correct answer-- Karatinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Tactile (Merkel) cells
- Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
Keratinocytes (functions) - correct answer-most numerous cell type, make fibrous protein keratin
Melanocytes (functions) - correct answer-synthesize pigment called melanin
Tactile cells (functions and 2nd name) - correct answer-
also called Merkel cells, receptors for the sense of touch, associated with a dermal nerve fiber
Dendritic cells (functions and 2nd name) - correct answer-
macrophages (big phagocytic cells) that kill microbes
What are the layers of the epidermis (list from bottom up)? - correct answer-- Stratum basale
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum corneum
What layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin? - correct answer-Straum lucidum
How many layers are found in the stratum basale? - correct answer-1 layer
What cells are found in the stratum basale? - correct answer-
stem cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile (merkel) cells
What is the importance of the stem cells in the stratum basale? - correct answer-
makes it mitotically active, the stem cells divide and give rise to keratinocytes
, How LL many LL layers LL are LL in LL the LL stratum LL spinosum? LL - LL correct LL answer-8-10 LL layers
What LLis LLthe LLappearance LLof LLthe LLcells LLin LLthe LLstratum LLspinosum, LLand
LLwhy? LL- LLcorrect LLanswer- L L The LLcells LLare LLflattened, LLwhich LLhappens LLas
LLthey LLare LLpushed LLupward
What LLis LLcontained LLin LLthe LLstratum LLspinosum? LL-
LLcorrect LLanswer- LLKeratinocytes, LLdendridic LL(langerhans)
LLcells
In LLwhich LLepidermis LLlayers LLdo LLkeratinocytes LLproduce LLwaterproofing LLsubstances?
LL- LLcorrect LLanswer- LLStratum LLspinosum, LLstratum LLgranulosum
What LLare LL the LL waterproofing LL substances LL produced LL by LL the LL keratinocytes? LL - LL correct
LL answer-keratin, LL lipids
How LL many LL layers LL are LL in LL the LL stratum LL granulosum? LL - LL correct LL answer-3-5 LL layers
In LLwhat LLlayer LLdo LLthe LLnuclei LLand LLorganelles LLbegin LLto LLdegenerate LLin LLthe
LLkeratinocytes? LL- LLcorrect LLanswer- L L stratum LLgranulosum
What LLdo LLthe LLcells LLlook LLlike LLin LLthe LLstratum LLgranulosum LLand
LLwhy? LL- LLcorrect LLanswer- LLThey LLcontinue LLto LLflatten LLbecause LLof
LLaccumulation LLof LLkeratin
How LL many LL layers LL are LL in LL the LL stratum LL lucidum, LL and LL what LL do LL they
LL look LL like? LL - LL correct LL answer-3- LL4 LLlayers LLof LLtranslucent LLcells
Why LL are LL the LL cells LL in LL the LL stratum LL lucidum LL translucent? LL - LL correct LL answer-the
LL clear LL protein LL named LL eleidin
How LL many LL layers LL are LL in LL the LL stratum LL corneum? LL - LL correct LL answer-up LL to LL 30
LL layers
What LLdo LL the LL layers LL of LL the LL stratum LL corneum LL consist LL of? LL - LL correct LL answer-dead
LL scaly LL keratinized LL cells
What LLare LL2 LLof LLthe LLmain LLpurposes LLof LLthe LLstratum LLcorneum? LL-
