TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S
MJ MJ MJ MJ
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
Adults and Children 10th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MJ MJ MJ
MULTIPLE CHOICE MJ
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
MJ MJ MJ MJ
M J
MJ MJ MJ
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C MJ
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: M J PG 2 MJ
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome M J M J
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C MJ
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
genetic information.
MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: M J PG 2 MJ
3. Which component of the cell pr odNuUceRsS IhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
MJ peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes M J
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B MJ
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates
MJ MJ
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins)
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: M J PG 8 MJ
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
MJ injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum MJ MJ
b. Golgi complex MJ
d. Lysosomes M J
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D MJ
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
describe this process.
MJ MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: M J PGs 7-8 MJ
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
MJ cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
membrane.MJ
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the cell
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
membrane.MJ
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A MJ
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: M J PG 7 | Figure 1-5 MJ MJ MJ MJ
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M M J
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B MJ
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
MJ
MJ MJ
gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
MJ MJ MJ MJ
MJ
MJ
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase,
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: M J PG 37 MJ
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
active pumps?
MJ MJ
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates M J
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C MJ
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels for various
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
acids and monosaccharides; and
MJ MJ MJ MJ
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: M J PG 13 | PG 15 MJ MJ MJ MJ
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
human diseases?
MJ MJ
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders MJ MJ MJ
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders MJ MJ MJ
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders MJ MJ MJ
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders MJ MJ MJ
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B MJ
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
other options do not correctly describe this process.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: M J M J PG 15 MJ
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
membrane?
MJ
a. Carbohydrate chains MJ c. Membrane channel proteins MJ MJ
b. Glycoprotein channels MJ d. Lipid bilayer M J MJ
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D MJ
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon
MJ MJ MJ
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options do not correctly describe
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
this process.
MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: PGs 12-13 M J MJ
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
MJ MJ MJ MJ
a. How a cell membrane functions MJ MJ MJ MJ
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
c. How tissue is differentiated MJ MJ MJ
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A MJ
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, their MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
options do not explain the mosaic model.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
MJ MJ MJ MJ
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
Adults and Children 10th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MJ MJ MJ
MULTIPLE CHOICE MJ
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
MJ MJ MJ MJ
M J
MJ MJ MJ
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C MJ
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: M J PG 2 MJ
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome M J M J
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C MJ
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
genetic information.
MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: M J PG 2 MJ
3. Which component of the cell pr odNuUceRsS IhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
MJ peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes M J
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B MJ
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates
MJ MJ
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins)
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: M J PG 8 MJ
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
MJ injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum MJ MJ
b. Golgi complex MJ
d. Lysosomes M J
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D MJ
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
describe this process.
MJ MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: M J PGs 7-8 MJ
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
MJ cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
membrane.MJ
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the cell
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
membrane.MJ
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A MJ
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: M J PG 7 | Figure 1-5 MJ MJ MJ MJ
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M M J
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B MJ
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
MJ
MJ MJ
gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
MJ MJ MJ MJ
MJ
MJ
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase,
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: M J PG 37 MJ
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
active pumps?
MJ MJ
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates M J
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C MJ
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels for various
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
acids and monosaccharides; and
MJ MJ MJ MJ
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: M J PG 13 | PG 15 MJ MJ MJ MJ
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
human diseases?
MJ MJ
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders MJ MJ MJ
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders MJ MJ MJ
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders MJ MJ MJ
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders MJ MJ MJ
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B MJ
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
other options do not correctly describe this process.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: M J M J PG 15 MJ
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
membrane?
MJ
a. Carbohydrate chains MJ c. Membrane channel proteins MJ MJ
b. Glycoprotein channels MJ d. Lipid bilayer M J MJ
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D MJ
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon
MJ MJ MJ
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options do not correctly describe
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
this process.
MJ MJ
PTS: M J M J 1 REF: PGs 12-13 M J MJ
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
MJ MJ MJ MJ
a. How a cell membrane functions MJ MJ MJ MJ
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
c. How tissue is differentiated MJ MJ MJ
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A MJ
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, their MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
options do not explain the mosaic model.
MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ MJ
