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, 1. Cellular Biology
2. Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
3. The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
4. Genes and Genetic Diseases
5. Epigenetics and Disease
6. Genes, Environment–Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
7. Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
8. Adaptive Immunity
9. Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
10. Infection
11. Stress and Disease
12. Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer
13. Alterations in Oxygen Transport
14. Alterations in Hemostasis and Coagulation
15. Alterations in White Blood Cell Function
16. Alterations in Cardiovascular Function
17. Shock, Sepsis, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
18. Alterations of Pulmonary Function
19. Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
20. Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
21. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
22. Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
23. Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
24. Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function
25. Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
26. Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction
27. Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
28. Structure and Function of the Endocrine System
29. Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
30. Alterations of Endocrine Function
31. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
32. Alterations of Digestive Function
33. Alterations of Liver and Biliary Function
34. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
35. Alterations of Reproductive Function




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, Chapter 1. Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE ux




1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoil
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux


ed DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux




a. A single circular chromosome
ux ux ux




b. A nucleus ux




c. Free-floating nuclear material ux ux




d. No organelles ux




ANS: B ux




The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its n
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux


ucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome is characteristic of
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux u


prokaryotic cells, which do not have histones. Free-
x ux ux ux ux ux ux ux


floating nuclear material describes a prokaryotic cell, which would not have a distinct nucleu
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux


s. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-
ux ux ux ux


bound cellular components called organelles. No organelles describe a prokaryotic cell.
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux




2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux u


is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform
x ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux


nutrients to energy? ux ux




a. Metabolic absorption ux




b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration

ANS: D ux




The ability of the cell to absorb oxygen refers to the cells function of respiration. The ability
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux


of the cell to function within a society of cells refers to its function of communication. The
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux


ability of the cell to take in nutrients refers to the cells function of metabolic absorption.The
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux


ability of the cell to synthesize new substances and secrete these elsewhere refers to the cel
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux


ls function of secretion.
ux ux ux




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, 3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell wou
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux



ld most of the genetic information be contained?
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux




a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus

ANS: C ux




The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux


acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-
ux ux ux ux ux ux


binding proteins, is the nucleolus. The mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration. The ribo
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux


somes are involved in the manufacturing of proteins within the cell. The nucleus contains the
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux u


nucleolus, and it is the nucleolus that contains genetic material.
x ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux




4. The fluid- ux


mosaic model for biologic membranes describes membrane behavior. According to t
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux


his model, which of the following float singly or as aggregates in the fluid lipid bilay
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux


er?

a. Peripheral membrane proteins ux ux




b. Integral membrane proteins ux ux




c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
ux ux




ANS: B ux




Integral membrane proteins float freely in the fluid lipid bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux


are not embedded in the layer, but reside at the surface. Glycoproteins act as cell surface ma
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux


rkers. Cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane and allow cells to hook to
ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux ux


gether.




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