,TEST BANK FOR COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE THE BIOLOGY OF THE MIND FIFTH
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EDITION BY MICHAEL GAZZANIGA, RICHARD B IVRY, GEORGE R MANGUN
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Chapter 1: A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES t
1.1 Explain the origins of the field of cognitive neuroscience. t t t t t t t t
1.2 Describe the roots of the debate over localization of function. t t t t t t t t t
1.3 Explain the ways in which brain structure was studied. t t t t t t t t
1.4 Understand the philosophical origins of cognitive psychology. t t t t t t
1.5 Discuss behaviorism and its principal tenets. t t t t t
1.6 Explain how and why cognitive psychology came to the forefront of the psychological fields.
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1.7 Identify the different methods that are used to measure brain function and structure.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE t
1. What term was coined by Thomas Willis as a consequence of the case of Anne Green?
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a. psychopathology
b. cognition
c. neurology
d. psychosis
ANS: C t DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective t t t t
OBJ: 1.1
t t MSC: Remembering t
2. Aside from saving Anne Green’s life, Thomas Willis and Christopher Wren also
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a. created very accurate drawings of the brain. t t t t t t
b. came up with the names of a number of brain structures.
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c. took the first steps that led to cognitive neuroscience.
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d. All of the answer options are correct.
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ANS: D t DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective t t t t
OBJ: 1.1
t t MSC: Understanding t
3. Each of the following are reasons why Willis is considered one of the early figures in cognitive
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neuroscience EXCEPT:
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a. He named many brain parts. t t t t
b. He gave frequent lectures on specific brain regions.
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c. He was among the first to link behavioral deficits to brain damage.
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d. He created very accurate brain images.
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ANS: B t DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective t t t t
OBJ: 1.1
t t MSC: Remembering t
4. While studying brain function, it is often useful to think of development in terms of
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which is the perspective of
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a. cognition; cognitive neuroscience c. blood flow; magnetic resonance imaging t t t t t t
b. survival; evolution d. dysfunction; psychopathology t t t
ANS: B t DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective t t t
OBJ: 1.1 t MSC: Analyzing t
, 5. Which stance would most likely hold an assumption that physical elements of the brain are responsible for
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the conscious mind?
t t t
a. monism c. dualism
b. behaviorism d. relativism t
ANS: A t DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective t t t t
OBJ: 1.1 t MSC: Analyzing
6. René Descartes posited that the mind was separate from the body. However, he implicated a single
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brain structure, the pineal gland, as having what function?
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a. regulating feelings and emotions c. moderating cognitive processes t t t t t
b. connecting the mind and the body d. adjusting behavior t t t t t t t
ANS: B t DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective t t t t
OBJ: 1.1
t t MSC: Remembering t
7. Considering the perspective recommended for approaching cognitive neuroscience, which of the
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following would best explain how a cognitive function may have developed?
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a. learning and reward c. neurological dysfunction
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b. integration with technology d. hunting and gathering t t t t t
ANS: D t DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective t t t
OBJ: 1.1 t MSC: Analyzing t
8. Acentral issue of modern cognitive neuroscience is whether specific human cognitive abilities
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a. arise from networks of brain areas working together.
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b. are determined by the shape and size of the human skull or the brain beneath.
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c. are best studied using the scientific method.
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d. can be best identified using the Golgi silver method of staining or fMRI.
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ANS: A t DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story t t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Understanding t
9. The discipline of phrenology was founded by
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a. Broca and Wernicke. t t c. Ramón y Cajal and Sherrington. t t t t
b. Fritsch and Hitzig. t t d. Gall and Spurzheim.
t t t
ANS: D t DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story t t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Remembering t
10. Phrenologists believed that the contour of the skull could provide valuable information about an
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individual’s cognitive capacities and personality traits. This approach was based on the assumption that
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a. skull protrusions are caused by disproportionate development of the brain areas beneath
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them, which are responsible for different specific functions.
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b. certain traits such as aggressiveness lead to life experiences and injuries that alter the
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shape of the skull in specific ways.
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c. life experiences and injuries that alter the shape of the skull in specific ways lead to certain
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traits, such as aggressiveness.
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d. the development of the skull bones directly influences the configuration of the soft brain
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areas beneath them, which are responsible for different specific functions.
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ANS: A t DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story t t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Evaluating t
11. Localizationist is to t t as holistic is to t t t .
a. Wernicke; Gall t c. Flourens; Broca t
, b. Gall; Flourens t d. Broca; Wernicke t t
ANS: B t DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story t t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Understanding t
12. Gall’s method for investigating phrenology was flawed because
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a. he used the wrong language to explain the characteristics he observed.
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b. he did not tell Napoleon Bonaparte that he possessed noble characteristics.
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c. he sought only to confirm, not disprove, the correlations he observed.
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d. he used his own skull as the base model.
t t t t t t t t
ANS: C t DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story t t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Remembering t
13. The view known as aggregate field theory, which stated that the whole brain participates in behavior, is
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most associated with
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a. Broca. c. Brodmann.
b. Hughlings Jackson. d. Flourens. t t
ANS: D t DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story t t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Remembering t
14. The key observation leading John Hughlings Jackson to propose a topographical organization in the
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cerebral cortex was that
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a. speech disturbances could be identified by left-hemisphere lesions.
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b. the two hemispheres of the brain served different functions.
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c. seizures begin in a localized region of the cortex. t t t t t t t t
d. focal brain damage causes specific behavioral deficits.
t t t t t t
ANS: C t DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Storyt t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Analyzing t
15. In developing phrenology, Gall’s main failure was that
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a. he did not seek disconfirming evidence.
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b. he was not a scientist.
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c. his method was correlational.
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d. All of the answer options are correct.
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ANS: D t DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Storyt t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Analyzing t
16. Giovanni visits his local phrenologist. What is this person likely to tell him?
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a. You are a domineering person. t t t t
b. Your father was a very domineering person.t t t t t t
c. Your brother is a domineering person. t t t t t
d. Your mother was a very domineering person.t t t t t t
ANS: A t DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Storyt t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Applying t
17. The view developed by Marie Jean Pierre Flourens, based on the idea that processes like language and
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
memory cannot be localized within circumscribed brain regions, was known as
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a. the neuron doctrine. t c. rationalism. t
b. aggregate field theory. d. the law of effect. t t t t t t
ANS: B
t t DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Storyt t t t
t t t t t t t t t tt
EDITION BY MICHAEL GAZZANIGA, RICHARD B IVRY, GEORGE R MANGUN
t t t t t t t t t tt
Chapter 1: A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience
t t t t t t t
LEARNING OBJECTIVES t
1.1 Explain the origins of the field of cognitive neuroscience. t t t t t t t t
1.2 Describe the roots of the debate over localization of function. t t t t t t t t t
1.3 Explain the ways in which brain structure was studied. t t t t t t t t
1.4 Understand the philosophical origins of cognitive psychology. t t t t t t
1.5 Discuss behaviorism and its principal tenets. t t t t t
1.6 Explain how and why cognitive psychology came to the forefront of the psychological fields.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
1.7 Identify the different methods that are used to measure brain function and structure.
t t t t t t t t t t t t
MULTIPLE CHOICE t
1. What term was coined by Thomas Willis as a consequence of the case of Anne Green?
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. psychopathology
b. cognition
c. neurology
d. psychosis
ANS: C t DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective t t t t
OBJ: 1.1
t t MSC: Remembering t
2. Aside from saving Anne Green’s life, Thomas Willis and Christopher Wren also
t t t t t t t t t t t
a. created very accurate drawings of the brain. t t t t t t
b. came up with the names of a number of brain structures.
t t t t t t t t t t
c. took the first steps that led to cognitive neuroscience.
t t t t t t t t
d. All of the answer options are correct.
t t t t t t
ANS: D t DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective t t t t
OBJ: 1.1
t t MSC: Understanding t
3. Each of the following are reasons why Willis is considered one of the early figures in cognitive
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
neuroscience EXCEPT:
t t
a. He named many brain parts. t t t t
b. He gave frequent lectures on specific brain regions.
t t t t t t t
c. He was among the first to link behavioral deficits to brain damage.
t t t t t t t t t t t
d. He created very accurate brain images.
t t t t t
ANS: B t DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective t t t t
OBJ: 1.1
t t MSC: Remembering t
4. While studying brain function, it is often useful to think of development in terms of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t ,
which is the perspective of
t t t . t t
a. cognition; cognitive neuroscience c. blood flow; magnetic resonance imaging t t t t t t
b. survival; evolution d. dysfunction; psychopathology t t t
ANS: B t DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective t t t
OBJ: 1.1 t MSC: Analyzing t
, 5. Which stance would most likely hold an assumption that physical elements of the brain are responsible for
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
the conscious mind?
t t t
a. monism c. dualism
b. behaviorism d. relativism t
ANS: A t DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective t t t t
OBJ: 1.1 t MSC: Analyzing
6. René Descartes posited that the mind was separate from the body. However, he implicated a single
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
brain structure, the pineal gland, as having what function?
t t t t t t t t t
a. regulating feelings and emotions c. moderating cognitive processes t t t t t
b. connecting the mind and the body d. adjusting behavior t t t t t t t
ANS: B t DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective t t t t
OBJ: 1.1
t t MSC: Remembering t
7. Considering the perspective recommended for approaching cognitive neuroscience, which of the
t t t t t t t t t t
following would best explain how a cognitive function may have developed?
t t t t t t t t t t t
a. learning and reward c. neurological dysfunction
t t t
b. integration with technology d. hunting and gathering t t t t t
ANS: D t DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective t t t
OBJ: 1.1 t MSC: Analyzing t
8. Acentral issue of modern cognitive neuroscience is whether specific human cognitive abilities
t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. arise from networks of brain areas working together.
t t t t t t t
b. are determined by the shape and size of the human skull or the brain beneath.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
c. are best studied using the scientific method.
t t t t t t
d. can be best identified using the Golgi silver method of staining or fMRI.
t t t t t t t t t t t t
ANS: A t DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story t t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Understanding t
9. The discipline of phrenology was founded by
t t t t t t
a. Broca and Wernicke. t t c. Ramón y Cajal and Sherrington. t t t t
b. Fritsch and Hitzig. t t d. Gall and Spurzheim.
t t t
ANS: D t DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story t t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Remembering t
10. Phrenologists believed that the contour of the skull could provide valuable information about an
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
individual’s cognitive capacities and personality traits. This approach was based on the assumption that
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. skull protrusions are caused by disproportionate development of the brain areas beneath
t t t t t t t t t t t
them, which are responsible for different specific functions.
t t t t t t t t
b. certain traits such as aggressiveness lead to life experiences and injuries that alter the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
shape of the skull in specific ways.
t t t t t t t
c. life experiences and injuries that alter the shape of the skull in specific ways lead to certain
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
traits, such as aggressiveness.
t t t t
d. the development of the skull bones directly influences the configuration of the soft brain
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
areas beneath them, which are responsible for different specific functions.
t t t t t t t t t t
ANS: A t DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story t t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Evaluating t
11. Localizationist is to t t as holistic is to t t t .
a. Wernicke; Gall t c. Flourens; Broca t
, b. Gall; Flourens t d. Broca; Wernicke t t
ANS: B t DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story t t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Understanding t
12. Gall’s method for investigating phrenology was flawed because
t t t t t t t
a. he used the wrong language to explain the characteristics he observed.
t t t t t t t t t t
b. he did not tell Napoleon Bonaparte that he possessed noble characteristics.
t t t t t t t t t t
c. he sought only to confirm, not disprove, the correlations he observed.
t t t t t t t t t t
d. he used his own skull as the base model.
t t t t t t t t
ANS: C t DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story t t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Remembering t
13. The view known as aggregate field theory, which stated that the whole brain participates in behavior, is
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
most associated with
t t t
a. Broca. c. Brodmann.
b. Hughlings Jackson. d. Flourens. t t
ANS: D t DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story t t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Remembering t
14. The key observation leading John Hughlings Jackson to propose a topographical organization in the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
cerebral cortex was that
t t t t
a. speech disturbances could be identified by left-hemisphere lesions.
t t t t t t t
b. the two hemispheres of the brain served different functions.
t t t t t t t t
c. seizures begin in a localized region of the cortex. t t t t t t t t
d. focal brain damage causes specific behavioral deficits.
t t t t t t
ANS: C t DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Storyt t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Analyzing t
15. In developing phrenology, Gall’s main failure was that
t t t t t t t
a. he did not seek disconfirming evidence.
t t t t t
b. he was not a scientist.
t t t t
c. his method was correlational.
t t t
d. All of the answer options are correct.
t t t t t t
ANS: D t DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Storyt t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Analyzing t
16. Giovanni visits his local phrenologist. What is this person likely to tell him?
t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. You are a domineering person. t t t t
b. Your father was a very domineering person.t t t t t t
c. Your brother is a domineering person. t t t t t
d. Your mother was a very domineering person.t t t t t t
ANS: A t DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Storyt t t t
OBJ: 1.2
t t MSC: Applying t
17. The view developed by Marie Jean Pierre Flourens, based on the idea that processes like language and
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
memory cannot be localized within circumscribed brain regions, was known as
t t t t t t t t t t t
a. the neuron doctrine. t c. rationalism. t
b. aggregate field theory. d. the law of effect. t t t t t t
ANS: B
t t DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Storyt t t t
