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,Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing 11th Edition MarquisHuston
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Test Bank
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Chapter 1: Decision Making, Problem Solving, Critical Thinking, and Clinical Reasoning: Requisites for
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successful leadership and management
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1. Whatstatement istrueregardingdecisionmaking?
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A) Itis an analysis of asituation l l l l l l




B) Itis closelyrelated toevaluation l l l l l




C) Itinvolveschoosingbetweencoursesofaction l l l l l l




D) Itisdependent uponfindingthecauseofa l l l l l l l l




problem
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Ans: C l




Feedback:
Decision makingisacomplex cognitiveprocessoftendefined aschoosing a l l l l l l l l l l l




particular course of action. Problem solving is part of decision making and is
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a systematic process that focuses on analyzing a difficult situation. Critical
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thinking, sometimes referred to asreflective thinking, is related to evaluation
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and has a broader scope than decision making and problem solving.
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2. Whatisaweaknessofthetraditionalproblem-solving model?
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A) Itsneedforimplementation time l l l l




B) Itslackofastep requiring evaluation ofresults l l l l l l l l




C) Itsfailuretogathersufficientdata l l l l l




D) Itsfailuretoevaluate l l l




alternatives
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Ans: A l




Feedback:
The traditional problem-solving model is less effective when time
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constraints are a consideration. Decision making can occur without the
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fullanalysisrequiredinproblemsolving.Becauseproblems olNving attempts
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to identifytheroot problemin situations, much time and energy are spent on
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identifying the real problem.
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3. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueregardingdecision making?
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A) Scientificmethodsprovideidenticaldecisionsbydifferent l l l l l l




individuals for the same problems l l l l l




B) Decisionsaregreatlyinfluenced byeachperson's valuesystem l l l l l l l l




C) Personalbeliefs canbeadjustedforwhenthescientificapproach to l l l l l l l l l l




problem solving is used l l l l




D) Past experience haslittle to do with thequalityof the l l l l l l l l l l




decision
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, Ans: B l




Feedback:
Values, life experience, individual preference, and individual ways of
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thinking will influence a person's decision making. No matter how
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objectivethe criteriawillbe, value judgments will always playa part in a
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Person’sdecision making,either consciouslyor subconsciously.
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4. Whatinfluencesthequalityofadecision mostoften?
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A) Thedecisionmaker'simmediatesuperior l l l l




B) Thetype ofdecision thatneeds to be made l l l l l l l l




C) Questions asked andalternativesgenerated l l l l




D) Thetime ofdaythedecision is l l l l l l




made
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Ans: C l




Feedback:
The greater the number of alternatives that can be generated by the decision
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maker, the better the final decision will be. The alternatives generatedand the
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final choices arelimitedbyeach person's valuesystem.
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5. Whatdoesknowledgeaboutgooddecision makingleadonetobelieve?
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A) Gooddecision makers are usuallyright-brain, intuitive thinkers l l l l l l l




B) Effectivedecisionmakers aresensitivetothesituation andtoothers l l l l l l l l l l




C) Gooddecisionsareusuallymadebyleft-brain,logicalthinkers l l l l l l l l




D) Gooddecisionmakingrequiresanalytical ratherthancreative l l l l l l l




processes
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Ans: B l




Feedback:
Gooddecision makers seemto haveantennaethat makethemparticularly
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sensitive to other people and situations. Left-brain thinkers are typically
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better at processing language, logic, numbers, and sequential ordering,
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whereas right-brain thinkers excel at nonverbal ideation and holistic
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synthesizing.
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6. What isthebestdefinitionofdecision making?
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A) Theplanningprocessofmanagement l l l l




B) Theevaluation phaseoftheexecutiverole l l l l l l




C) Onestepintheproblem-solvingprocess l l l l l




D) Requiredto justifytheneed for l l l l l




scarce items
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Ans: C l




Feedback:

, Decision making is a complex, cognitive process often defined as choosing a
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particular course of action. Decision making, one step in the problem-
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solvingprocess,isanimportant taskthat reliesheavilyoncritical thinking and
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clinical reasoning skills.
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7. Ifdecision making istriggered byaproblemwith whatdoes it end?
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A) An alternative problem l l




B) Achosen courseofactionl l l l




C) Anactionthatguarantees success l l l l




D) Arestatementofthe l l l




solution
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Ans: B l




Feedback:
A decision is made when a course of action has been chosen. Problem
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solving is part of decision making and is a systematic process that focuseson
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analyzing a difficult situation. Problem solving always includes a decision-
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making step. l




8. Whydoourvaluesoftencausepersonal conflictindecision making?
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A) Some values arenot realisticorhealthy l l l l l l




B) Not allvalues areofequal worth l l l l l l




C) Ourvaluesremain unchangedovertime l l l l l




D) Ourvaluesoftencollidewithone l l l l l




another
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Ans: D l




Feedback:
Values, life experience, individual preference, and individual ways of
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thinking will influence a person's decision making. No matter how objective
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the criteria will be, value judgments will always play a part in aperson's
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decision making, either consciously or subconsciously.
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9. Whichstatementistrueconcerningcriticalthinking?
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A) Itisasimple approach todecision making
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B) Itisnarrowerin scopethandecision making
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C) Itrequires reasoningand creativeanalysis
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D) Itisasynonymfortheproblem-solving
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process
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Ans: C l




Feedback:
Criticalthinkinghasabroaderscopethandecision making andproblem
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solving. It is sometimes referred to as reflective thinking. Critical thinking
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also involves reflecting upon the meaning of statements,
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