ATI PEDIATRICS CMS 2025 AND 2024,2023 TEST BANK/PEDS CMS CONTAINS 450
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+||COMPREHENSIVE DOCUMENT FOR PEDS
CMS||BRAND NEW!!!
Question 1
A nurse is preparing to administer an oral medication to a 6-month-old infant. Which of the
following actions is appropriate?
A) Mix the medication in a full bottle of formula.
B) Administer the medication using a spoon.
C) Place the medication in the side of the infant's mouth using a syringe.
D) Instruct the infant to swallow quickly.
Correct Answer: C) Place the medication in the side of the infant's mouth using a syringe.
Rationale: Placing the medication in the side of the infant's mouth (buccal pouch) using an
oral syringe allows for slow administration, reducing the risk of aspiration or spitting it
out. Mixing with a full bottle of formula risks the infant not consuming the full dose.
Spoons are inaccurate, and infants cannot follow instructions to swallow quickly.
Question 2
A nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child in the clinic. According to Erikson's stages of
psychosocial development, which task should the nurse expect the child to be working on?
A) Trust vs. Mistrust
B) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C) Initiative vs. Guilt
D) Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: C) Initiative vs. Guilt
Rationale: The preschool-age child (3-6 years) is in Erikson's stage of Initiative vs. Guilt.
During this stage, children explore their world, initiate activities, and develop a sense of
purpose. Trust vs. Mistrust is for infancy, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt for toddlers, and
Industry vs. Inferiority for school-age children.
Question 3
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parents of an infant with gastroesophageal reflux
(GER). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A) Place the infant in an infant seat or swing after feedings.
B) Thicken formula with rice cereal as directed by the provider.
C) Feed the infant large volumes of formula less frequently.
D) Place the infant in a prone position for sleep after feedings.
Correct Answer: B) Thicken formula with rice cereal as directed by the provider.
Rationale: Thickening formula with rice cereal can help reduce reflux by making the
stomach contents heavier and less likely to regurgitate. Placing an infant in an infant seat
or swing can increase abdominal pressure and worsen reflux. Small, frequent feedings are
preferred. Infants should always be placed supine for sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS.
,Question 4
A nurse is caring for a 10-month-old infant who is postoperative following a cleft palate repair.
Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
A) Position the infant on their back with the head elevated.
B) Offer a pacifier to soothe the infant.
C) Administer pain medication via syringe.
D) Encourage the parents to use a spoon for feeding pureed foods.
Correct Answer: A) Position the infant on their back with the head elevated.
Rationale: Positioning the infant on their back with the head elevated helps to prevent
aspiration and reduce swelling at the surgical site. Pacifiers and spoons should be avoided
to protect the surgical site. Pain medication should be given to keep the infant comfortable,
typically through an oral syringe or IV if necessary.
Question 5
A nurse is assessing a 2-year-old toddler. Which of the following gross motor skills should the
nurse expect the toddler to have mastered?
A) Rides a tricycle.
B) Hops on one foot.
C) Walks up and down stairs holding onto a rail.
D) Throws a ball overhead.
Correct Answer: C) Walks up and down stairs holding onto a rail.
Rationale: By 2 years of age, toddlers can typically walk up and down stairs holding onto a
rail, run, and kick a ball. Riding a tricycle and hopping on one foot are typically achieved
by 3 years. Throwing a ball overhead may develop slightly later (around 3-4 years).
Question 6
A nurse is teaching the parents of a 6-month-old infant about infant nutrition. Which of the
following solid foods should the nurse recommend introducing first?
A) Pureed fruits
B) Single-grain rice cereal
C) Pureed meats
D) Mashed vegetables
Correct Answer: B) Single-grain rice cereal
Rationale: Single-grain iron-fortified rice cereal is traditionally recommended as the first
solid food due to its low allergenic potential and iron content, which is needed as maternal
iron stores deplete. Other pureed foods are introduced gradually after cereal.
Question 7
A nurse is caring for a child with suspected appendicitis. Which of the following findings is the
most indicative of appendicitis?
A) Generalized abdominal pain.
B) Rebound tenderness at McBurney's point.
,C) Bloody diarrhea.
D) Absence of fever.
Correct Answer: B) Rebound tenderness at McBurney's point.
Rationale: Rebound tenderness at McBurney's point (located in the right lower quadrant,
about two-thirds of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine) is a
classic sign of appendicitis. Initial pain may be generalized or periumbilical before
localizing to the RLQ. Fever is usually present.
Question 8
A nurse is preparing to administer an immunization to a 4-year-old child. Which of the following
is an appropriate pain management strategy?
A) Tell the child the shot will not hurt.
B) Give the child a choice of which arm to receive the injection.
C) Administer the injection while the child is sleeping.
D) Restrain the child firmly without explanation.
Correct Answer: B) Give the child a choice of which arm to receive the injection.
Rationale: Giving a preschooler a sense of control, such as choosing the injection site, is an
effective pain management strategy that reduces anxiety. Telling a child it won't hurt
undermines trust. Administering injections while sleeping or restraining without
explanation are not child-friendly approaches.
Question 9
A nurse is teaching the parents of a toddler about car seat safety. Which of the following
statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A) "My toddler can switch to a forward-facing car seat at 12 months."
B) "The car seat harness should be positioned at my toddler's armpits."
C) "My toddler should remain in a rear-facing car seat until at least 2 years of age or until they
reach the maximum weight/height for the seat."
D) "It's safe for my toddler to ride in the front seat if the airbag is turned off."
Correct Answer: C) "My toddler should remain in a rear-facing car seat until at least 2
years of age or until they reach the maximum weight/height for the seat."
Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that children remain
in a rear-facing car seat until they are at least 2 years of age, or until they reach the
maximum height and weight limits for their specific car seat, to provide the best protection
for their developing spine and neck.
Question 10
A nurse is caring for a school-age child with asthma. Which of the following should the nurse
identify as a common trigger for asthma exacerbations?
A) Cold air
B) Increased fluid intake
C) Sedentary lifestyle
, D) High-fiber diet
Correct Answer: A) Cold air
Rationale: Cold air is a common environmental trigger for asthma exacerbations, causing
bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness in susceptible individuals. Other
common triggers include allergens (dust mites, pollen, pet dander), exercise, respiratory
infections, and irritants (smoke, strong odors).
Question 11
A nurse is assessing a child with Kawasaki disease. Which of the following acute phase
manifestations should the nurse expect to find?
A) Peeling skin on the hands and feet.
B) Arthritis in large joints.
C) Conjunctivitis without exudate.
D) Bradycardia.
Correct Answer: C) Conjunctivitis without exudate.
Rationale: Conjunctivitis without exudate is one of the classic diagnostic criteria for the
acute phase of Kawasaki disease. Other acute phase manifestations include persistent fever,
strawberry tongue, polymorphous rash, and swollen hands/feet. Peeling skin is a subacute
phase manifestation.
Question 12
A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child with celiac disease. Which of the
following foods should the nurse instruct the parents to avoid?
A) Rice
B) Corn
C) Oats
D) Wheat
Correct Answer: D) Wheat
Rationale: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, a protein found in
wheat, barley, and rye. Patients must adhere to a strict gluten-free diet. Rice, corn, and oats
(if certified gluten-free) are generally safe.
Question 13
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection to a 9-month-old infant.
Which site is most appropriate for this injection?
A) Deltoid
B) Dorsogluteal
C) Ventrogluteal
D) Vastus lateralis
Correct Answer: D) Vastus lateralis
Rationale: The vastus lateralis muscle in the thigh is the preferred and safest site for IM
injections in infants and young children, as it is a large, well-developed muscle with
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+||COMPREHENSIVE DOCUMENT FOR PEDS
CMS||BRAND NEW!!!
Question 1
A nurse is preparing to administer an oral medication to a 6-month-old infant. Which of the
following actions is appropriate?
A) Mix the medication in a full bottle of formula.
B) Administer the medication using a spoon.
C) Place the medication in the side of the infant's mouth using a syringe.
D) Instruct the infant to swallow quickly.
Correct Answer: C) Place the medication in the side of the infant's mouth using a syringe.
Rationale: Placing the medication in the side of the infant's mouth (buccal pouch) using an
oral syringe allows for slow administration, reducing the risk of aspiration or spitting it
out. Mixing with a full bottle of formula risks the infant not consuming the full dose.
Spoons are inaccurate, and infants cannot follow instructions to swallow quickly.
Question 2
A nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child in the clinic. According to Erikson's stages of
psychosocial development, which task should the nurse expect the child to be working on?
A) Trust vs. Mistrust
B) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C) Initiative vs. Guilt
D) Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: C) Initiative vs. Guilt
Rationale: The preschool-age child (3-6 years) is in Erikson's stage of Initiative vs. Guilt.
During this stage, children explore their world, initiate activities, and develop a sense of
purpose. Trust vs. Mistrust is for infancy, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt for toddlers, and
Industry vs. Inferiority for school-age children.
Question 3
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parents of an infant with gastroesophageal reflux
(GER). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A) Place the infant in an infant seat or swing after feedings.
B) Thicken formula with rice cereal as directed by the provider.
C) Feed the infant large volumes of formula less frequently.
D) Place the infant in a prone position for sleep after feedings.
Correct Answer: B) Thicken formula with rice cereal as directed by the provider.
Rationale: Thickening formula with rice cereal can help reduce reflux by making the
stomach contents heavier and less likely to regurgitate. Placing an infant in an infant seat
or swing can increase abdominal pressure and worsen reflux. Small, frequent feedings are
preferred. Infants should always be placed supine for sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS.
,Question 4
A nurse is caring for a 10-month-old infant who is postoperative following a cleft palate repair.
Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
A) Position the infant on their back with the head elevated.
B) Offer a pacifier to soothe the infant.
C) Administer pain medication via syringe.
D) Encourage the parents to use a spoon for feeding pureed foods.
Correct Answer: A) Position the infant on their back with the head elevated.
Rationale: Positioning the infant on their back with the head elevated helps to prevent
aspiration and reduce swelling at the surgical site. Pacifiers and spoons should be avoided
to protect the surgical site. Pain medication should be given to keep the infant comfortable,
typically through an oral syringe or IV if necessary.
Question 5
A nurse is assessing a 2-year-old toddler. Which of the following gross motor skills should the
nurse expect the toddler to have mastered?
A) Rides a tricycle.
B) Hops on one foot.
C) Walks up and down stairs holding onto a rail.
D) Throws a ball overhead.
Correct Answer: C) Walks up and down stairs holding onto a rail.
Rationale: By 2 years of age, toddlers can typically walk up and down stairs holding onto a
rail, run, and kick a ball. Riding a tricycle and hopping on one foot are typically achieved
by 3 years. Throwing a ball overhead may develop slightly later (around 3-4 years).
Question 6
A nurse is teaching the parents of a 6-month-old infant about infant nutrition. Which of the
following solid foods should the nurse recommend introducing first?
A) Pureed fruits
B) Single-grain rice cereal
C) Pureed meats
D) Mashed vegetables
Correct Answer: B) Single-grain rice cereal
Rationale: Single-grain iron-fortified rice cereal is traditionally recommended as the first
solid food due to its low allergenic potential and iron content, which is needed as maternal
iron stores deplete. Other pureed foods are introduced gradually after cereal.
Question 7
A nurse is caring for a child with suspected appendicitis. Which of the following findings is the
most indicative of appendicitis?
A) Generalized abdominal pain.
B) Rebound tenderness at McBurney's point.
,C) Bloody diarrhea.
D) Absence of fever.
Correct Answer: B) Rebound tenderness at McBurney's point.
Rationale: Rebound tenderness at McBurney's point (located in the right lower quadrant,
about two-thirds of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine) is a
classic sign of appendicitis. Initial pain may be generalized or periumbilical before
localizing to the RLQ. Fever is usually present.
Question 8
A nurse is preparing to administer an immunization to a 4-year-old child. Which of the following
is an appropriate pain management strategy?
A) Tell the child the shot will not hurt.
B) Give the child a choice of which arm to receive the injection.
C) Administer the injection while the child is sleeping.
D) Restrain the child firmly without explanation.
Correct Answer: B) Give the child a choice of which arm to receive the injection.
Rationale: Giving a preschooler a sense of control, such as choosing the injection site, is an
effective pain management strategy that reduces anxiety. Telling a child it won't hurt
undermines trust. Administering injections while sleeping or restraining without
explanation are not child-friendly approaches.
Question 9
A nurse is teaching the parents of a toddler about car seat safety. Which of the following
statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A) "My toddler can switch to a forward-facing car seat at 12 months."
B) "The car seat harness should be positioned at my toddler's armpits."
C) "My toddler should remain in a rear-facing car seat until at least 2 years of age or until they
reach the maximum weight/height for the seat."
D) "It's safe for my toddler to ride in the front seat if the airbag is turned off."
Correct Answer: C) "My toddler should remain in a rear-facing car seat until at least 2
years of age or until they reach the maximum weight/height for the seat."
Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that children remain
in a rear-facing car seat until they are at least 2 years of age, or until they reach the
maximum height and weight limits for their specific car seat, to provide the best protection
for their developing spine and neck.
Question 10
A nurse is caring for a school-age child with asthma. Which of the following should the nurse
identify as a common trigger for asthma exacerbations?
A) Cold air
B) Increased fluid intake
C) Sedentary lifestyle
, D) High-fiber diet
Correct Answer: A) Cold air
Rationale: Cold air is a common environmental trigger for asthma exacerbations, causing
bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness in susceptible individuals. Other
common triggers include allergens (dust mites, pollen, pet dander), exercise, respiratory
infections, and irritants (smoke, strong odors).
Question 11
A nurse is assessing a child with Kawasaki disease. Which of the following acute phase
manifestations should the nurse expect to find?
A) Peeling skin on the hands and feet.
B) Arthritis in large joints.
C) Conjunctivitis without exudate.
D) Bradycardia.
Correct Answer: C) Conjunctivitis without exudate.
Rationale: Conjunctivitis without exudate is one of the classic diagnostic criteria for the
acute phase of Kawasaki disease. Other acute phase manifestations include persistent fever,
strawberry tongue, polymorphous rash, and swollen hands/feet. Peeling skin is a subacute
phase manifestation.
Question 12
A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child with celiac disease. Which of the
following foods should the nurse instruct the parents to avoid?
A) Rice
B) Corn
C) Oats
D) Wheat
Correct Answer: D) Wheat
Rationale: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, a protein found in
wheat, barley, and rye. Patients must adhere to a strict gluten-free diet. Rice, corn, and oats
(if certified gluten-free) are generally safe.
Question 13
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection to a 9-month-old infant.
Which site is most appropriate for this injection?
A) Deltoid
B) Dorsogluteal
C) Ventrogluteal
D) Vastus lateralis
Correct Answer: D) Vastus lateralis
Rationale: The vastus lateralis muscle in the thigh is the preferred and safest site for IM
injections in infants and young children, as it is a large, well-developed muscle with
