-
d
,CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION OF NURSING AND NURSING EDUCATION
d d d d d d d
MULTIPLE CHOICE d
1. The nurse realizes that the primary focus of nursing is on the:
d d d d d d d d d d d
a. illness. c. treatment of the illness. d d d
b. cause of the illness. d d. client‘s response to the illness.
d d d d d d d d
ANS: D d
Nursing requires a delicate balance of promoting clients‘ independence and dependence. Nursing
d d d d d d d d d d d
focuses not on illness but rather on the client‘s response to illness. The practice of physicians or
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
medicine focuses on the cause of the illness and the treatment of the illness.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: d d Introduction
2. While studying the history of nursing, the nurse realizes that the first hospital in the West was
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
established by:
d d
a. Fabiola. c. Florence Nightingale. d
b. Hygiea. d. Dorothea Dix. d d d
ANS: A d
Fabiola founded the first hospital in 390 AD. Hygiea was the goddess of health according to the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
ancient Greeks. Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing, and she lived
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
from 1820 to 1910. Dorothea Dix practiced nursing during the Civil War.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: d d Table 1-1| Evolution of Nursing d d d d
3. The nurse realizes that religion affected the development of nursing which began:
d d d d d d d d d d d
a. in India around 800-600 BC.
d dc. during the Middle Ages. d d d d d
b. during the Roman Empire. d d. at the time of the Renaissance.
d d d d d d d d d
ANS: A d
The strong influence of religions on the development of nursing started in India between 800 to
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
600 BC. The crusades of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance occurred after 600 BC. There is no
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
documentation of religious influences on the development of nursing during the Roman Empire.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Religious Influences d d d
4. Reflecting on the impact of wars on the evolution of nursing, the nurse realizes that:
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
a. the need for nurses increased during and after major wars.
d d d d d d d d d
b. poor conditions during wars caused a decline in nursing care.
d d d d d d d d d
c. wars have been the stimulus for most nursing advances.
d d d d d d d d
d. wars have had little effect on the evolution of nursing.
d d d d d d d d d
ANS: A d
During wartime, the need for nurses increases dramatically, both at home and in the field. Poor
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
conditions during wars did not cause a decline in nursing care. Wars may or may not have been the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
stimulus for nursing advances; however, wars have effected the evolution of nursing care.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Demands of War d d d d
5. The nurse realizes that which of the following is a belief that Florence Nightingale had about
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
nursing education?
d d
a. Basing education on a holistic framework inclusive of illness and health
d d d d d d d d d d
, b. Needing a practical basis for nursing practice d d d d d d
c. Creating an environment that serves physicians is most important d d d d d d d d
d. Basing the nursing curriculum on medical knowledge d d d d d d
ANS: A d
Florence Nightingale had specific beliefs about nursing education. The first is that it is based upon
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
a holistic framework inclusive of illness and health. Nightingale also believed that there is a need
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
for a theoretical basis for nursing practice and not a practical basis. She also believed in the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
importance of creating an environment that promotes healing and not an environment that served
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
physicians. One additional belief was that the nursing curriculum should be based upon nursing
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
knowledge and not medical knowledge.
d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: d Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910) d d d d
6. The nurse realizes that the Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas‘s Hospital in
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
London was:
d d
a. the first school of nursing in the West.
d d d d d d d
b. the first nursing school to provide both theory-based knowledge and clinical skill building.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
c. the first school of nursing to accept women.
d d d d d d d
d. established to provide nurses to fight in the Crimean War. d d d d d d d d d
ANS: B d
The Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas‘s Hospital in London was the first
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
school for nurses that provided both theory-based knowledge and clinical skills. This was not the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
first school of nursing in the West nor the first school of nursing to accept women. This school
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
was not established to provide nurses to fight in the Crimean War.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: d Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910) d d d d
7. The nurse, considering home care nursing, realizes that Lillian Wald is noted as being:
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
a. the first nurse to graduate from a school of nursing in the United States.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
b. Superintendent of Nurses during the Civil War. d d d d d d
c. the first community health nurse.
d d d d
d. the founder of the American Nurses Association.
d d d d d d
ANS: C d
Lillian Wald spent her life providing nursing care to the indigent and, in 1893, as the first
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
community health nurse, she founded public health nursing with the establishment of the Henry
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Street Settlement Service. Wald was not the first nurse to graduate from a school of nursing in the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
United States nor was she the Superintendent of Nurses during the Civil War. She was not the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
founder of the American Nurses Association.
d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: d Nursing Pioneers and Leaders: Lillian Wald d d d d d
8. The nurse, giving direction to a nursing assistant for client care, realizes that which of the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
following nurse leaders opposed the movement to put untrained nursing aides under the control
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
of physicians during World War I?
d d d d d d
a. Clara Barton dc. Annie Goodrich d
b. Isabel Hampton Robb d. Jane Delano
d d d d d
ANS: D d
During World War I, Delano was opposed to the aide education plan created by physicians who
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
wanted the Red Cross to put untrained nursing aides at their sides to assist with war casualties.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Annie Goodrich was in favor of the physicians‘ aide education plan. Robb was a supporter of the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
rights of nursing students. Clara Barton was a nurse during the Civil War.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
, PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
d d d d d
9. The nurse, assisting nursing students with providing client care, realizes that Isabel Hampton Robb
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
is noted for which of the following?
d d d d d d d
a. Opposing the organization of nurses d d d d
b. Establishing the American Red Cross d d d d
c. Believing that the nursing student was a learner, not an employee
d d d d d d d d d d
d. Establishing the Frontier Nursing Service d d d d
ANS: C d
Isabel Hampton Robb was an early supporter of the rights of nursing students and emphasized the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
drole of the nursing student as a learner instead of an employee. Robb did not oppose the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dorganization of nurses since she founded several nursing organizations. Robb did not establish the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dAmerican Red Cross nor did she establish the Frontier Nursing Service.
d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
d d d d d
10. While researching a client health care issue, the nurse realizes that the nurse who wrote one of the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
first nursing textbooks was:
d d d d
a. Lavinia Dock. d
b. Mary Breckinridge. d
c. Martha Franklin. d
d. Amelia Greenwald. d
ANS: A d
Lavinia Dock was an influential leader in American nursing education; she wrote one of the first
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
nursing textbooks as well as being the first editor of the American Journal of Nursing. Mary
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Breckinridge created the Frontier Nursing Service. Martha Franklin advocated for racial equality in
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
nursing. Amelia Greenwald was a catalyst for international public health nursing.
d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
d d d d d
11. While documenting in a client‘s record, the nurse remembers that the nurse leader who introduced
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
the practice of keeping nurses‘ notes was:
d d d d d d d
a. Mamie Hale. c. Harriet Neuton Phillips.
d d d
b. Mary Mahoney. d d. Linda Richards. d d d
ANS: D d
Linda Richards introduced the practice of keeping nurses‘ notes and physicians‘ orders as part of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
medical records. Mamie Hale upgraded the educational programs for midwives. Mary Mahoney
d d d d d d d d d d d d
was America‘s first African American professional nurse. Harriet Neuton Phillips was the first
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
American nurse to receive a training certificate.
d d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
d d d d d
12. While reviewing a client‘s health insurance plan, the nurse remembers that the first prepaid
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
medical plan was started in:
d d d d d
a. Pacific Northwest lumber and mining camps. d d d d d
b. Chicago.
c. New York City. d d
d. Washington DC. d
ANS: A
d d
d
,CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION OF NURSING AND NURSING EDUCATION
d d d d d d d
MULTIPLE CHOICE d
1. The nurse realizes that the primary focus of nursing is on the:
d d d d d d d d d d d
a. illness. c. treatment of the illness. d d d
b. cause of the illness. d d. client‘s response to the illness.
d d d d d d d d
ANS: D d
Nursing requires a delicate balance of promoting clients‘ independence and dependence. Nursing
d d d d d d d d d d d
focuses not on illness but rather on the client‘s response to illness. The practice of physicians or
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
medicine focuses on the cause of the illness and the treatment of the illness.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: d d Introduction
2. While studying the history of nursing, the nurse realizes that the first hospital in the West was
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
established by:
d d
a. Fabiola. c. Florence Nightingale. d
b. Hygiea. d. Dorothea Dix. d d d
ANS: A d
Fabiola founded the first hospital in 390 AD. Hygiea was the goddess of health according to the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
ancient Greeks. Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing, and she lived
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
from 1820 to 1910. Dorothea Dix practiced nursing during the Civil War.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: d d Table 1-1| Evolution of Nursing d d d d
3. The nurse realizes that religion affected the development of nursing which began:
d d d d d d d d d d d
a. in India around 800-600 BC.
d dc. during the Middle Ages. d d d d d
b. during the Roman Empire. d d. at the time of the Renaissance.
d d d d d d d d d
ANS: A d
The strong influence of religions on the development of nursing started in India between 800 to
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
600 BC. The crusades of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance occurred after 600 BC. There is no
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
documentation of religious influences on the development of nursing during the Roman Empire.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Religious Influences d d d
4. Reflecting on the impact of wars on the evolution of nursing, the nurse realizes that:
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
a. the need for nurses increased during and after major wars.
d d d d d d d d d
b. poor conditions during wars caused a decline in nursing care.
d d d d d d d d d
c. wars have been the stimulus for most nursing advances.
d d d d d d d d
d. wars have had little effect on the evolution of nursing.
d d d d d d d d d
ANS: A d
During wartime, the need for nurses increases dramatically, both at home and in the field. Poor
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
conditions during wars did not cause a decline in nursing care. Wars may or may not have been the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
stimulus for nursing advances; however, wars have effected the evolution of nursing care.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Demands of War d d d d
5. The nurse realizes that which of the following is a belief that Florence Nightingale had about
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
nursing education?
d d
a. Basing education on a holistic framework inclusive of illness and health
d d d d d d d d d d
, b. Needing a practical basis for nursing practice d d d d d d
c. Creating an environment that serves physicians is most important d d d d d d d d
d. Basing the nursing curriculum on medical knowledge d d d d d d
ANS: A d
Florence Nightingale had specific beliefs about nursing education. The first is that it is based upon
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
a holistic framework inclusive of illness and health. Nightingale also believed that there is a need
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
for a theoretical basis for nursing practice and not a practical basis. She also believed in the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
importance of creating an environment that promotes healing and not an environment that served
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
physicians. One additional belief was that the nursing curriculum should be based upon nursing
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
knowledge and not medical knowledge.
d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: d Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910) d d d d
6. The nurse realizes that the Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas‘s Hospital in
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
London was:
d d
a. the first school of nursing in the West.
d d d d d d d
b. the first nursing school to provide both theory-based knowledge and clinical skill building.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
c. the first school of nursing to accept women.
d d d d d d d
d. established to provide nurses to fight in the Crimean War. d d d d d d d d d
ANS: B d
The Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas‘s Hospital in London was the first
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
school for nurses that provided both theory-based knowledge and clinical skills. This was not the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
first school of nursing in the West nor the first school of nursing to accept women. This school
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
was not established to provide nurses to fight in the Crimean War.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: d Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910) d d d d
7. The nurse, considering home care nursing, realizes that Lillian Wald is noted as being:
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
a. the first nurse to graduate from a school of nursing in the United States.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
b. Superintendent of Nurses during the Civil War. d d d d d d
c. the first community health nurse.
d d d d
d. the founder of the American Nurses Association.
d d d d d d
ANS: C d
Lillian Wald spent her life providing nursing care to the indigent and, in 1893, as the first
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
community health nurse, she founded public health nursing with the establishment of the Henry
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Street Settlement Service. Wald was not the first nurse to graduate from a school of nursing in the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
United States nor was she the Superintendent of Nurses during the Civil War. She was not the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
founder of the American Nurses Association.
d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: d Nursing Pioneers and Leaders: Lillian Wald d d d d d
8. The nurse, giving direction to a nursing assistant for client care, realizes that which of the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
following nurse leaders opposed the movement to put untrained nursing aides under the control
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
of physicians during World War I?
d d d d d d
a. Clara Barton dc. Annie Goodrich d
b. Isabel Hampton Robb d. Jane Delano
d d d d d
ANS: D d
During World War I, Delano was opposed to the aide education plan created by physicians who
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
wanted the Red Cross to put untrained nursing aides at their sides to assist with war casualties.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Annie Goodrich was in favor of the physicians‘ aide education plan. Robb was a supporter of the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
rights of nursing students. Clara Barton was a nurse during the Civil War.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
, PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
d d d d d
9. The nurse, assisting nursing students with providing client care, realizes that Isabel Hampton Robb
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
is noted for which of the following?
d d d d d d d
a. Opposing the organization of nurses d d d d
b. Establishing the American Red Cross d d d d
c. Believing that the nursing student was a learner, not an employee
d d d d d d d d d d
d. Establishing the Frontier Nursing Service d d d d
ANS: C d
Isabel Hampton Robb was an early supporter of the rights of nursing students and emphasized the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
drole of the nursing student as a learner instead of an employee. Robb did not oppose the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dorganization of nurses since she founded several nursing organizations. Robb did not establish the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dAmerican Red Cross nor did she establish the Frontier Nursing Service.
d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
d d d d d
10. While researching a client health care issue, the nurse realizes that the nurse who wrote one of the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
first nursing textbooks was:
d d d d
a. Lavinia Dock. d
b. Mary Breckinridge. d
c. Martha Franklin. d
d. Amelia Greenwald. d
ANS: A d
Lavinia Dock was an influential leader in American nursing education; she wrote one of the first
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
nursing textbooks as well as being the first editor of the American Journal of Nursing. Mary
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Breckinridge created the Frontier Nursing Service. Martha Franklin advocated for racial equality in
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
nursing. Amelia Greenwald was a catalyst for international public health nursing.
d d d d d d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
d d d d d
11. While documenting in a client‘s record, the nurse remembers that the nurse leader who introduced
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
the practice of keeping nurses‘ notes was:
d d d d d d d
a. Mamie Hale. c. Harriet Neuton Phillips.
d d d
b. Mary Mahoney. d d. Linda Richards. d d d
ANS: D d
Linda Richards introduced the practice of keeping nurses‘ notes and physicians‘ orders as part of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
medical records. Mamie Hale upgraded the educational programs for midwives. Mary Mahoney
d d d d d d d d d d d d
was America‘s first African American professional nurse. Harriet Neuton Phillips was the first
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
American nurse to receive a training certificate.
d d d d d d d
PTS: d d 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
d d d d d
12. While reviewing a client‘s health insurance plan, the nurse remembers that the first prepaid
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
medical plan was started in:
d d d d d
a. Pacific Northwest lumber and mining camps. d d d d d
b. Chicago.
c. New York City. d d
d. Washington DC. d
ANS: A
d d
