McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
9th Edition
• Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology - Multiple Choice Questions
Item 1
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Cellular Functions
Stem: A 45-year-old patient with a genetic disorder
demonstrates impaired nutrient utilization at the cellular level.
Which specialized cellular function describes the process of
cells taking in and using nutrients from their surroundings?
Options:
A) Metabolic absorption
B) Secretion
C) Respiration
D) Excretion
Correct Answer: A
Rationales: Metabolic absorption refers to the process by which
cells take in and utilize nutrients from their environment,
making option A correct. Secretion involves cells releasing
substances, not taking them in. Respiration refers to energy
production through oxidative processes. Excretion involves
waste removal, not nutrient utilization.
,Teaching Point: Metabolic absorption allows cells to internalize
and utilize environmental nutrients.
Item 2
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Structure and Function of
Cellular Components
Stem: Where is the majority of a cell's genetic information,
including RNA and DNA, contained?
Options:
A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosome
C) Nucleolus
D) Lysosome
Correct Answer: C
Rationales: The nucleolus contains most of the cell's genetic
information, including RNA and DNA, along with DNA-binding
proteins . Mitochondria are responsible for energy production.
Ribosomes provide sites for protein synthesis. Lysosomes
function as the intracellular digestive system.
Teaching Point: The nucleolus houses most cellular genetic
material and regulates genetic activity.
Item 3
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Structure and Function of
Cellular Components
Stem: Which cellular component produces hydrogen peroxide
(H₂O₂) through oxidative reactions that remove hydrogen atoms
from specific substrates?
,Options:
A) Lysosomes
B) Peroxisomes
C) Ribosomes
D) Endosomes
Correct Answer: B
Rationales: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that use oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from substrates, producing H₂O₂ .
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes. Ribosomes are involved
in protein synthesis. Endosomes are vesicles pinched off from
the cellular membrane.
Teaching Point: Peroxisomes produce hydrogen peroxide
through oxidative reactions.
Item 4
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Structure and Function of
Cellular Components
Stem: A patient presents with impaired protein synthesis and
transport. Which organelles are primarily responsible for these
functions?
Options:
A) Golgi apparatus and lysosomes
B) Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria and peroxisomes
D) Nucleus and ribosomes
Correct Answer: B
Rationales: The endoplasmic reticulum specializes in protein
synthesis and transport, while the Golgi apparatus processes
, and packages proteins for secretion . Lysosomes digest
macromolecules. Mitochondria produce energy. The nucleus
controls genetic information.
Teaching Point: The ER and Golgi apparatus work together in
protein synthesis and transport.
Item 5
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Structure and Function of
Cellular Components
Stem: What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in
eukaryotic cells?
Options:
A) Energy production through cellular respiration
B) Synthesis of lipid components for organelles
C) Processing and packaging proteins for transport
D) Intracellular digestion of macromolecules
Correct Answer: C
Rationales: The Golgi apparatus processes and packages
proteins into secretory vesicles for intracellular and extracellular
transport . Energy production occurs in mitochondria. Lipid
synthesis is primarily an ER function. Intracellular digestion is
performed by lysosomes.
Teaching Point: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and
packages proteins for secretion.
Item 6
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Cellular Communication and
Signal Transduction
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
9th Edition
• Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology - Multiple Choice Questions
Item 1
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Cellular Functions
Stem: A 45-year-old patient with a genetic disorder
demonstrates impaired nutrient utilization at the cellular level.
Which specialized cellular function describes the process of
cells taking in and using nutrients from their surroundings?
Options:
A) Metabolic absorption
B) Secretion
C) Respiration
D) Excretion
Correct Answer: A
Rationales: Metabolic absorption refers to the process by which
cells take in and utilize nutrients from their environment,
making option A correct. Secretion involves cells releasing
substances, not taking them in. Respiration refers to energy
production through oxidative processes. Excretion involves
waste removal, not nutrient utilization.
,Teaching Point: Metabolic absorption allows cells to internalize
and utilize environmental nutrients.
Item 2
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Structure and Function of
Cellular Components
Stem: Where is the majority of a cell's genetic information,
including RNA and DNA, contained?
Options:
A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosome
C) Nucleolus
D) Lysosome
Correct Answer: C
Rationales: The nucleolus contains most of the cell's genetic
information, including RNA and DNA, along with DNA-binding
proteins . Mitochondria are responsible for energy production.
Ribosomes provide sites for protein synthesis. Lysosomes
function as the intracellular digestive system.
Teaching Point: The nucleolus houses most cellular genetic
material and regulates genetic activity.
Item 3
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Structure and Function of
Cellular Components
Stem: Which cellular component produces hydrogen peroxide
(H₂O₂) through oxidative reactions that remove hydrogen atoms
from specific substrates?
,Options:
A) Lysosomes
B) Peroxisomes
C) Ribosomes
D) Endosomes
Correct Answer: B
Rationales: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that use oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from substrates, producing H₂O₂ .
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes. Ribosomes are involved
in protein synthesis. Endosomes are vesicles pinched off from
the cellular membrane.
Teaching Point: Peroxisomes produce hydrogen peroxide
through oxidative reactions.
Item 4
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Structure and Function of
Cellular Components
Stem: A patient presents with impaired protein synthesis and
transport. Which organelles are primarily responsible for these
functions?
Options:
A) Golgi apparatus and lysosomes
B) Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria and peroxisomes
D) Nucleus and ribosomes
Correct Answer: B
Rationales: The endoplasmic reticulum specializes in protein
synthesis and transport, while the Golgi apparatus processes
, and packages proteins for secretion . Lysosomes digest
macromolecules. Mitochondria produce energy. The nucleus
controls genetic information.
Teaching Point: The ER and Golgi apparatus work together in
protein synthesis and transport.
Item 5
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Structure and Function of
Cellular Components
Stem: What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in
eukaryotic cells?
Options:
A) Energy production through cellular respiration
B) Synthesis of lipid components for organelles
C) Processing and packaging proteins for transport
D) Intracellular digestion of macromolecules
Correct Answer: C
Rationales: The Golgi apparatus processes and packages
proteins into secretory vesicles for intracellular and extracellular
transport . Energy production occurs in mitochondria. Lipid
synthesis is primarily an ER function. Intracellular digestion is
performed by lysosomes.
Teaching Point: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and
packages proteins for secretion.
Item 6
Chapter Reference: Chapter 1, Cellular Communication and
Signal Transduction
